Low-noise and linear nonmagnetic circulator by a temporal nonreciprocal phase shifter

Taravati, Sajjad and Eleftheriades, George V. (2022) Low-noise and linear nonmagnetic circulator by a temporal nonreciprocal phase shifter. Physical Review Applied, 18 (3), [034082]. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.18.034082).

Abstract

Conventional circulators are made of magnetic ferrites and suffer from a cumbersome architecture, incompatibility with integrated circuit technology, and inability for high-frequency applications. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a low-noise, lightweight, low-profile, and linear nonmagnetic circulator comprising a nonreciprocal time-varying phase shifter. This circulator is composing a nonreciprocal temporal phase shifter and two reciprocal delay-line-based phase shifters. The proposed nonreciprocal temporal phase shifter is based on the generation of time-harmonic signals, enforcing destructive interference for undesired time harmonics and constructive interference for desired time harmonics at different locations of the structure. Such a unique task is accomplished through two phase-engineered temporal loops. The phase and frequency of these two loops are governed by external signals with different phases, imparting an effective electronic angular momentum to the system. We observe a large isolation level of greater than 32.3 dB, a low noise figure of less than 2.5 dB, a P1dB of +30.2 dBm, and IIP3 of +43.5 dBm. Furthermore, this circulator is endowed with a reconfigurable architecture and can be directly embedded in a conventional integrated circuit (IC) technology to realize a class of high-power handling and linear IC circulators.

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Contributors

Author: Sajjad Taravati

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