Do lifestyle, anthropometric and demographic factors associated with muscle strength differ in a UK and Japanese cohort? An exploratory analysis

Background: Muscle weakness is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including disability and mortality. We report demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle correlates of grip strength in UK and Japanese population-based cohorts. Aim: To report prevalence of low grip strength according to 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) thresholds and to consider correlates of grip strength in Eastern and Western populations. Methods: UK (1572 men; 1415 women) and Japanese (519 men; 1027 women) participants were recruited from two cohorts harmonised by consensus. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength dynamometry. Potential correlates of grip strength were examined using sex-stratified linear regression; univariate correlates (p < 0.05) were included in mutually adjusted models. Results: Mean (SD) age was 66.2 (2.8) and 65.8 (12.3) in UK and Japanese cohorts, respectively. Prevalence of low grip strength was higher in Japanese participants (EWGSOP2 5.4% versus 2.4%, AWGS 2019 9.0% versus 3.7%). In both cohorts and sexes, univariate correlates of lower grip strength were older age, shorter height, not consuming alcohol, leaving education earlier and greater comorbidity. Apart from older age and shorter height, the only factors related to lower grip strength in mutually adjusted analyses were greater comorbidity among UK participants (kg difference in grip strength (95%CI) per additional comorbidity − 0.60(− 0.98, − 0.21) among men and − 0.50(− 0.86, − 0.13) among women) and not consuming alcohol among Japanese men (− 1.33(− 2.51, − 0.15)). Discussion: Correlates of muscle strength were similar in both cohorts. Conclusions: A global approach to age-related muscle weakness prevention may be appropriate.

Grip strength, Lifestyle factors, Muscle weakness, Older adults

10.1007/s40520-023-02614-5

1594-0667

3097-3104

Dennison, Elaine M.

ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1

Laskou, Faidra

3959d6e2-ccfa-4d97-8311-16f27b893365

Westbury, Leo D.

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Bevilacqua, Gregorio

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Fuggle, Nicholas R.

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Iidaka, Toshiko

054a5fd1-ccde-4df4-ad7f-13c8e8714b75

Horii, Chiaki

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Tanaka, Sakae

68834595-3946-4c5b-96c2-28bfe0fcd597

Yoshimura, Noriko

00436389-57b3-444c-b69d-0dc934d8e0d5

Cooper, Cyrus

e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6

December 2023

Dennison, Elaine M.

ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1

Laskou, Faidra

3959d6e2-ccfa-4d97-8311-16f27b893365

Westbury, Leo D.

08fbb4e9-305c-4724-bd0c-b963a5054229

Bevilacqua, Gregorio

24fc3097-286c-4aad-ada4-559eacfbc2a2

Fuggle, Nicholas R.

8e41e935-e6ec-4bb4-b854-4d39574fe3e2

Iidaka, Toshiko

054a5fd1-ccde-4df4-ad7f-13c8e8714b75

Horii, Chiaki

c11be961-ce17-4045-b6e8-bce01da9b964

Tanaka, Sakae

68834595-3946-4c5b-96c2-28bfe0fcd597

Yoshimura, Noriko

00436389-57b3-444c-b69d-0dc934d8e0d5

Cooper, Cyrus

e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6

Dennison, Elaine M., Laskou, Faidra, Westbury, Leo D., Bevilacqua, Gregorio, Fuggle, Nicholas R., Iidaka, Toshiko, Horii, Chiaki, Tanaka, Sakae, Yoshimura, Noriko and Cooper, Cyrus (2023) Do lifestyle, anthropometric and demographic factors associated with muscle strength differ in a UK and Japanese cohort? An exploratory analysis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 35 (12), 3097-3104. (doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02614-5).

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Accepted/In Press date: 1 November 2023

e-pub ahead of print date: 10 November 2023

Published date: December 2023

Additional Information: Funding Information: This study was funded by the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation. Funding of each cohort study was provided by the MRC and AR UK (Hertfordshire Cohort Study). The ROAD (Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability) Study was supported by Grant-in-Aid funding from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: H17-Men-eki-009 (Director, Kozo Nakamura), H20-Choujyu-009 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), H23-Choujyu-002 (Director, Toru Akune), H25-Choujyu-007 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and H25-Nanchitou (Men)-005 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1401 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1007 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 19FB1001 (Director, Yutaka Osuga), 19FA1017 (Director, Estuo Chosa), 20JA1001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 21FA1006 (Director, Hiroshi Yamada), and 22FA1009 (Director, Sakae Tanaka). The study was also supported by Scientific Research grants B19H03895, B26293139, B23390172, B20390182, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 18K18447, 15K15219, 24659317 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Scientific Research grant 19K19454 (Director, Toshiko Iidaka), Scientific Research grants B26293331, B23390356, C20591774, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 21K19631, 26670307 and 23659580 (Director, Shigeyuki Muraki), Challenging Exploratory Research grants 24659666 and 21659349 and Young Scientists A18689031 (Directore, Hiroyuki Oka), Scientific Research grants B26293329, B23390357, C20591737 and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 25670293 (Director, Toru Akune), Scientific Research grants S50282661, 19H05654 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), Scientific Research grant B20H03798 (Director, Toru Moro), Scientific Research grants 22K10552 and 18K10063 (Director, Izumi Inoue), Scientific Research grant B18H03164 (Director, Yosuke Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grants C18K09122 (Director, Harumoto Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grant 21K18291 (Director, Kanae Mure), and by Collaborating Research with NSF from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan 08033011-00262 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura). Also, the ROAD study was supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 17dk0110028h0001 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), 17gk0210007h0003, 18gk0210018h0001, 19gk0210018h0002, 20gk0210018h0003, 22gk0210034h0001 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 22dk0110047h0001 (Director, Kanae Mure), and 22dk0110048h0001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka). Further, the study was partly supported by grants from the Japan Osteoporosis Society (Noriko Yoshimura, Shigeyuki Muraki, Hiroyuki Oka, and Toru Akune), Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (2015, Noriko Yoshimura), research aids from the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA-Subsidized Science Project Research 2006-1 and 2010-2, Director, Hiroshi Kawaguchi; and 2014-1, Director, Kozo Nakamura), the Japanese Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine (2015, Director, Shigeyuki Muraki; and 2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation (2016, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and Japan Dairy Association (2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura). Funding Information: This study was funded by the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation. Funding of each cohort study was provided by the MRC and AR UK (Hertfordshire Cohort Study). The ROAD (Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability) Study was supported by Grant-in-Aid funding from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: H17-Men-eki-009 (Director, Kozo Nakamura), H20-Choujyu-009 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), H23-Choujyu-002 (Director, Toru Akune), H25-Choujyu-007 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and H25-Nanchitou (Men)-005 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1401 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 19FA1007 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 19FB1001 (Director, Yutaka Osuga), 19FA1017 (Director, Estuo Chosa), 20JA1001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka), 21FA1006 (Director, Hiroshi Yamada), and 22FA1009 (Director, Sakae Tanaka). The study was also supported by Scientific Research grants B19H03895, B26293139, B23390172, B20390182, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 18K18447, 15K15219, 24659317 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Scientific Research grant 19K19454 (Director, Toshiko Iidaka), Scientific Research grants B26293331, B23390356, C20591774, and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 21K19631, 26670307 and 23659580 (Director, Shigeyuki Muraki), Challenging Exploratory Research grants 24659666 and 21659349 and Young Scientists A18689031 (Directore, Hiroyuki Oka), Scientific Research grants B26293329, B23390357, C20591737 and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 25670293 (Director, Toru Akune), Scientific Research grants S50282661, 19H05654 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), Scientific Research grant B20H03798 (Director, Toru Moro), Scientific Research grants 22K10552 and 18K10063 (Director, Izumi Inoue), Scientific Research grant B18H03164 (Director, Yosuke Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grants C18K09122 (Director, Harumoto Yamada), Challenging Exploratory Research grant 21K18291 (Director, Kanae Mure), and by Collaborating Research with NSF from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan 08033011-00262 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura). Also, the ROAD study was supported by grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 17dk0110028h0001 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), 17gk0210007h0003, 18gk0210018h0001, 19gk0210018h0002, 20gk0210018h0003, 22gk0210034h0001 (Director, Sakae Tanaka), 22dk0110047h0001 (Director, Kanae Mure), and 22dk0110048h0001 (Director, Hiroyuki Oka). Further, the study was partly supported by grants from the Japan Osteoporosis Society (Noriko Yoshimura, Shigeyuki Muraki, Hiroyuki Oka, and Toru Akune), Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (2015, Noriko Yoshimura), research aids from the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA-Subsidized Science Project Research 2006-1 and 2010-2, Director, Hiroshi Kawaguchi; and 2014-1, Director, Kozo Nakamura), the Japanese Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine (2015, Director, Shigeyuki Muraki; and 2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation (2016, Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and Japan Dairy Association (2017, Director, Noriko Yoshimura). Funding Information: The research used data from human participants and was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for the UK cohort was granted by the Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee, reference number 10/H0311/59. Ethical approval for the Japanese cohort was granted by the ethics committees of the University of Tokyo (No. 1264 and No. 1326) and Wakayama Medical University (No. 373). Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).

Keywords: Grip strength, Lifestyle factors, Muscle weakness, Older adults

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