Provenance framework for additive manufacturing

Abstract

Advances in additive manufacturing have had a disruptive influence to the conventional manufacturing process by bringing manufacturing to the hands of the customer and shortening the supply chain. The customer can customise and manufacture any 3D object using additive manufacturing without leaving their office, lab or home. This paradigm shift in manufacturing raised concerns about the intellectual property rights of 3D objects. At the moment additive manufacturing has allowed owners of 3D printers to fabricate any 3D object with no accountability and no provenance measures for the original authors of the 3D objects. This is a problem because licensing usually allows for limited use and provenance reflects the value of the 3D object.

This work presents a framework for provenance of 3D objects that investigates the transition of security properties from digital 3D objects to 3D printed objects because of the absence of such mechanisms. A wholistic security view of additive manufacturing process by presenting a additive manufacturing security reference model and a tool to benchmark security of additive manufacturing. This framework is intended to facilitate for the industry with the adaptation of 3D printing by engineers, designers and other types of users. The proposed framework is based on digital security measures, physical signing principles and following archival principles to maintain accurate records because of the nature of the transition of properties from digital to analogue records. The proposed framework has the potential of pushing 3D printing adaptation thought sharing and exchange of 3D objects by public and academic domain by using our security framework as enabling technology.

The security reference model for additive manufacturing is intended to provide security by design for any additive manufacturing process, this reference model also covers the cyber to physical security aspect of additive manufacturing.

The benchmarking tool provides a security measure that is flexible and is tailored fit assessment process to any additive manufacturing workflow, it give freedom to security practitioners to fit it to any organisation structure to report on the organisation state of security.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Nawfal Fadhel: orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-5217

ORCID for Gary Wills: orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-4088

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