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Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies

Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies
Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies

The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and the Great Plains. However, when and how horses were first integrated into Indigenous lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of an assemblage of historic archaeological horse remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, and paleopathological evidence. Archaeological and modern North American horses show strong Iberian genetic affinities, with later influx from British sources, but no Viking proximity. Horses rapidly spread from the south into the northern Rockies and central plains by the first half of the 17th century CE, likely through Indigenous exchange networks. They were deeply integrated into Indigenous societies before the arrival of 18th-century European observers, as reflected in herd management, ceremonial practices, and culture.

Animals, Humans, Archaeology, Horses, United States, Domestication, Animals, Domestic
0036-8075
1316-1323
Taylor, William Timothy Treal
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Librado, Pablo
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Icu (Chief Joseph American Horse), Mila Hunska Tašunke
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Gover, Carlton Shield Chief
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Arterberry, Jimmy
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Wiŋ (Antonia Loretta Afraid of Bear-Cook), Anpetu Luta
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Nujipi (Harold Left Heron), Akil
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Omniya (Robert Milo Yellow Hair), Tanka
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Gonzalez (Nantan Hinapan), Mario
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Means, Bill
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Crane (Wapageya Mani), Sam High
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Mažasu (Wendell W. Yellow Bull),
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Knife (Mah;puya Keyaké Wiŋ), Barbara Dull
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Wiŋ (Anita Afraid of Bear), Wakiŋyala
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Collin (Wanka'tuya Kiya), Cruz Tecumseh
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Ward, Chance
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Pasqual, Theresa A.
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Chauvey, Lorelei
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Tonasso-Calviere, Laure
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Schiavinato, Stéphanie
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Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
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Fages, Antoine
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Khan, Naveed
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Sarkissian, Clio Der
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Liu, Xuexue
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Wagner, Stefanie
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Leonard, Beth Ginondidoy
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Manzano, Bruce L.
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O’Malley, Nancy
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Leonard, Jennifer A.
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Bernáldez-Sánchez, Eloísa
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Barrey, Eric
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Charliquart, Léa
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Robbe, Emilie
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Denoblet, Thibault
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Gregersen, Kristian
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Vershinina, Alisa O.
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Weinstock, Jaco
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Šikanjić, Petra Rajić
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Mashkour, Marjan
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Shingiray, Irina
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Aury, Jean-Marc
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Perdereau, Aude
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Alquraishi, Saleh
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Alfarhan, Ahmed H.
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Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S.
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Vukičević, Tajana Trbojević
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Buric, Marcel
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Sauer, Eberhard
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Bozell, John R.
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Thornhill, Cassidee A.
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Monagle, Victoria
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Perri, Angela
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Hall, W. Eugene
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Conver, Joshua L.
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Le Roux, Petrus
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Buckser, Sasha G.
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Gabe, Caroline
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Belardi, Juan Bautista
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Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.
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Hart, Isaac A.
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Ryder, Christina
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Sponheimer, Matthew
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Shapiro, Beth
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Southon, John
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Hibbs, Joss
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Faulkner, Charlotte
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Outram, Alan
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Rosa, Laura Patterson
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Palermo, Katelyn
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Solé, Marina
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William, Alice
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McCrory, Wayne
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Lindgren, Gabriella
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Brooks, Samantha
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Eché, Camille
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Donnadieu, Cécile
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Bouchez, Olivier
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Wincker, Patrick
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Hodgins, Gregory
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Trabert, Sarah
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Bethke, Brandi
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Roberts, Patrick
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Jones, Emily
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Collin (Tašunke Iyanki Wiŋ), Yvette Running Horse
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Orlando, Ludovic
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Taylor, William Timothy Treal
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Librado, Pablo
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Icu (Chief Joseph American Horse), Mila Hunska Tašunke
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Gover, Carlton Shield Chief
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Arterberry, Jimmy
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Wiŋ (Antonia Loretta Afraid of Bear-Cook), Anpetu Luta
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Nujipi (Harold Left Heron), Akil
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Omniya (Robert Milo Yellow Hair), Tanka
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Gonzalez (Nantan Hinapan), Mario
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Means, Bill
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Crane (Wapageya Mani), Sam High
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Mažasu (Wendell W. Yellow Bull),
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Knife (Mah;puya Keyaké Wiŋ), Barbara Dull
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Wiŋ (Anita Afraid of Bear), Wakiŋyala
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Collin (Wanka'tuya Kiya), Cruz Tecumseh
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Ward, Chance
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Pasqual, Theresa A.
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Chauvey, Lorelei
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Tonasso-Calviere, Laure
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Schiavinato, Stéphanie
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Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
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Fages, Antoine
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Khan, Naveed
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Sarkissian, Clio Der
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Liu, Xuexue
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Wagner, Stefanie
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Leonard, Beth Ginondidoy
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Manzano, Bruce L.
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O’Malley, Nancy
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Leonard, Jennifer A.
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Bernáldez-Sánchez, Eloísa
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Barrey, Eric
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Charliquart, Léa
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Robbe, Emilie
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Denoblet, Thibault
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Gregersen, Kristian
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Vershinina, Alisa O.
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Weinstock, Jaco
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Šikanjić, Petra Rajić
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Mashkour, Marjan
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Shingiray, Irina
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Aury, Jean-Marc
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Perdereau, Aude
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Alquraishi, Saleh
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Alfarhan, Ahmed H.
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Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S.
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Vukičević, Tajana Trbojević
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Buric, Marcel
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Sauer, Eberhard
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Lucas, Mary
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Brenner-Coltrain, Joan
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Bozell, John R.
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Thornhill, Cassidee A.
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Monagle, Victoria
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Perri, Angela
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Newton, Cody
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Hall, W. Eugene
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Conver, Joshua L.
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Le Roux, Petrus
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Buckser, Sasha G.
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Gabe, Caroline
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Belardi, Juan Bautista
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Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.
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Hart, Isaac A.
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Ryder, Christina
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Sponheimer, Matthew
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Shapiro, Beth
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Southon, John
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Hibbs, Joss
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Faulkner, Charlotte
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Outram, Alan
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Rosa, Laura Patterson
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Palermo, Katelyn
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Solé, Marina
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William, Alice
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McCrory, Wayne
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Lindgren, Gabriella
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Brooks, Samantha
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Eché, Camille
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Donnadieu, Cécile
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Bouchez, Olivier
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Wincker, Patrick
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Hodgins, Gregory
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Trabert, Sarah
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Bethke, Brandi
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Roberts, Patrick
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Jones, Emily
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Collin (Tašunke Iyanki Wiŋ), Yvette Running Horse
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Orlando, Ludovic
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Taylor, William Timothy Treal, Librado, Pablo, Icu (Chief Joseph American Horse), Mila Hunska Tašunke, Gover, Carlton Shield Chief, Arterberry, Jimmy, Wiŋ (Antonia Loretta Afraid of Bear-Cook), Anpetu Luta, Nujipi (Harold Left Heron), Akil, Omniya (Robert Milo Yellow Hair), Tanka, Gonzalez (Nantan Hinapan), Mario, Means, Bill, Crane (Wapageya Mani), Sam High, Mažasu (Wendell W. Yellow Bull), , Knife (Mah;puya Keyaké Wiŋ), Barbara Dull, Wiŋ (Anita Afraid of Bear), Wakiŋyala, Collin (Wanka'tuya Kiya), Cruz Tecumseh, Ward, Chance, Pasqual, Theresa A., Chauvey, Lorelei, Tonasso-Calviere, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Fages, Antoine, Khan, Naveed, Sarkissian, Clio Der, Liu, Xuexue, Wagner, Stefanie, Leonard, Beth Ginondidoy, Manzano, Bruce L., O’Malley, Nancy, Leonard, Jennifer A., Bernáldez-Sánchez, Eloísa, Barrey, Eric, Charliquart, Léa, Robbe, Emilie, Denoblet, Thibault, Gregersen, Kristian, Vershinina, Alisa O., Weinstock, Jaco, Šikanjić, Petra Rajić, Mashkour, Marjan, Shingiray, Irina, Aury, Jean-Marc, Perdereau, Aude, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A.S., Vukičević, Tajana Trbojević, Buric, Marcel, Sauer, Eberhard, Lucas, Mary, Brenner-Coltrain, Joan, Bozell, John R., Thornhill, Cassidee A., Monagle, Victoria, Perri, Angela, Newton, Cody, Hall, W. Eugene, Conver, Joshua L., Le Roux, Petrus, Buckser, Sasha G., Gabe, Caroline, Belardi, Juan Bautista, Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I., Hart, Isaac A., Ryder, Christina, Sponheimer, Matthew, Shapiro, Beth, Southon, John, Hibbs, Joss, Faulkner, Charlotte, Outram, Alan, Rosa, Laura Patterson, Palermo, Katelyn, Solé, Marina, William, Alice, McCrory, Wayne, Lindgren, Gabriella, Brooks, Samantha, Eché, Camille, Donnadieu, Cécile, Bouchez, Olivier, Wincker, Patrick, Hodgins, Gregory, Trabert, Sarah, Bethke, Brandi, Roberts, Patrick, Jones, Emily, Collin (Tašunke Iyanki Wiŋ), Yvette Running Horse and Orlando, Ludovic (2023) Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies. Science, 379 (6639), 1316-1323. (doi:10.1126/science.adc9691).

Record type: Article

Abstract

The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and the Great Plains. However, when and how horses were first integrated into Indigenous lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of an assemblage of historic archaeological horse remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, and paleopathological evidence. Archaeological and modern North American horses show strong Iberian genetic affinities, with later influx from British sources, but no Viking proximity. Horses rapidly spread from the south into the northern Rockies and central plains by the first half of the 17th century CE, likely through Indigenous exchange networks. They were deeply integrated into Indigenous societies before the arrival of 18th-century European observers, as reflected in herd management, ceremonial practices, and culture.

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More information

Submitted date: 15 May 2022
Accepted/In Press date: 14 February 2023
Published date: 30 March 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: Research was funded by an award from the National Science Foundation (Collaborative Research: Horses and Human Societies in the American West, Awards 1949305, 1949304, and 1949283) and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 681605). Additional funding was provided by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement 890702-MethylRIDE); the French Government “Investissement d’Avenir” FRANCE GENOMIQUE (ANR-10-INBS-09); the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (PIP 29/A476); the Researchers Supporting Projects at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (NSRSP2022R1), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia (NSTURSP2022), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (NSPNURSP2022), and Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia (NSTUMA/1); and the Marie Skłodowska Curie programme (101027750-HOPE). P.R. and M.L. thank the Max Planck Society for funding for the isotope analyses.
Keywords: Animals, Humans, Archaeology, Horses, United States, Domestication, Animals, Domestic

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 484679
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/484679
ISSN: 0036-8075
PURE UUID: bbbb4d95-40fa-44b6-b2a1-b973fec4c6ed

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Date deposited: 20 Nov 2023 17:41
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 13:36

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Contributors

Author: William Timothy Treal Taylor
Author: Pablo Librado
Author: Mila Hunska Tašunke Icu (Chief Joseph American Horse)
Author: Carlton Shield Chief Gover
Author: Jimmy Arterberry
Author: Anpetu Luta Wiŋ (Antonia Loretta Afraid of Bear-Cook)
Author: Akil Nujipi (Harold Left Heron)
Author: Tanka Omniya (Robert Milo Yellow Hair)
Author: Mario Gonzalez (Nantan Hinapan)
Author: Bill Means
Author: Sam High Crane (Wapageya Mani)
Author: Mažasu (Wendell W. Yellow Bull)
Author: Barbara Dull Knife (Mah;puya Keyaké Wiŋ)
Author: Wakiŋyala Wiŋ (Anita Afraid of Bear)
Author: Cruz Tecumseh Collin (Wanka'tuya Kiya)
Author: Chance Ward
Author: Theresa A. Pasqual
Author: Lorelei Chauvey
Author: Laure Tonasso-Calviere
Author: Stéphanie Schiavinato
Author: Andaine Seguin-Orlando
Author: Antoine Fages
Author: Naveed Khan
Author: Clio Der Sarkissian
Author: Xuexue Liu
Author: Stefanie Wagner
Author: Beth Ginondidoy Leonard
Author: Bruce L. Manzano
Author: Nancy O’Malley
Author: Jennifer A. Leonard
Author: Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez
Author: Eric Barrey
Author: Léa Charliquart
Author: Emilie Robbe
Author: Thibault Denoblet
Author: Kristian Gregersen
Author: Alisa O. Vershinina
Author: Jaco Weinstock
Author: Petra Rajić Šikanjić
Author: Marjan Mashkour
Author: Irina Shingiray
Author: Jean-Marc Aury
Author: Aude Perdereau
Author: Saleh Alquraishi
Author: Ahmed H. Alfarhan
Author: Khaled A.S. Al-Rasheid
Author: Tajana Trbojević Vukičević
Author: Marcel Buric
Author: Eberhard Sauer
Author: Mary Lucas
Author: Joan Brenner-Coltrain
Author: John R. Bozell
Author: Cassidee A. Thornhill
Author: Victoria Monagle
Author: Angela Perri
Author: Cody Newton
Author: W. Eugene Hall
Author: Joshua L. Conver
Author: Petrus Le Roux
Author: Sasha G. Buckser
Author: Caroline Gabe
Author: Juan Bautista Belardi
Author: Christina I. Barrón-Ortiz
Author: Isaac A. Hart
Author: Christina Ryder
Author: Matthew Sponheimer
Author: Beth Shapiro
Author: John Southon
Author: Joss Hibbs
Author: Charlotte Faulkner
Author: Alan Outram
Author: Laura Patterson Rosa
Author: Katelyn Palermo
Author: Marina Solé
Author: Alice William
Author: Wayne McCrory
Author: Gabriella Lindgren
Author: Samantha Brooks
Author: Camille Eché
Author: Cécile Donnadieu
Author: Olivier Bouchez
Author: Patrick Wincker
Author: Gregory Hodgins
Author: Sarah Trabert
Author: Brandi Bethke
Author: Patrick Roberts
Author: Emily Jones
Author: Yvette Running Horse Collin (Tašunke Iyanki Wiŋ)
Author: Ludovic Orlando

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