Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia
Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia
The formation of focused and corresponding foveal images requires a close synergy between the accommodation and vergence systems. This linkage is usually decoupled in virtual reality systems and may be dysfunctional in people who are at risk of developing myopia. We study how refractive error affects vergence-accommodation interactions in stereoscopic displays. Vergence and accommodative responses were measured in 21 young healthy adults (n=9 myopes, 22–31 years) while subjects viewed naturalistic stimuli on a 3D display. In Step 1, vergence was driven behind the monitor using a blurred, non-accommodative, uncrossed disparity target. In Step 2, vergence and accommodation were driven back to the monitor plane using naturalistic images that contained structured depth and focus information from size, blur and/or disparity. In Step 1, both refractive groups converged towards the stereoscopic target depth plane, but the vergence-driven accommodative change was smaller in emmetropes than in myopes (F1,19=5.13, p=0.036). In Step 2, there was little effect of peripheral depth cues on accommodation or vergence in either refractive group. However, vergence responses were significantly slower (F1,19=4.55, p=0.046) and accommodation variability was higher (F1,19=12.9, p=0.0019) in myopes. Vergence and accommodation responses are disrupted in virtual reality displays in both refractive groups. Accommodation responses are less stable in myopes, perhaps due to a lower sensitivity to dioptric blur. Such inaccuracies of accommodation may cause long-term blur on the retina, which has been associated with a failure of emmetropization.
Accommodation, Myopia, Refractive error, Vergence, Virtual reality
96-105
Maiello, Guido
c122b089-1bbc-4d3e-b178-b0a1b31a5295
Kerber, Kristen L.
0715273c-ec58-451a-a9e3-5b11f01efe2d
Thorn, Frank
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Bex, Peter J.
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Vera-Diaz, Fuensanta A.
0f822a63-ba62-45bb-a422-cf7326f58285
Maiello, Guido
c122b089-1bbc-4d3e-b178-b0a1b31a5295
Kerber, Kristen L.
0715273c-ec58-451a-a9e3-5b11f01efe2d
Thorn, Frank
660a143b-edae-4be4-84cc-095098cbda7b
Bex, Peter J.
6e6bd07d-1136-4163-91d1-1144ef209570
Vera-Diaz, Fuensanta A.
0f822a63-ba62-45bb-a422-cf7326f58285
Maiello, Guido, Kerber, Kristen L., Thorn, Frank, Bex, Peter J. and Vera-Diaz, Fuensanta A.
(2017)
Vergence driven accommodation with simulated disparity in myopia and emmetropia.
Experimental Eye Research, 166, .
(doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.10.004).
Abstract
The formation of focused and corresponding foveal images requires a close synergy between the accommodation and vergence systems. This linkage is usually decoupled in virtual reality systems and may be dysfunctional in people who are at risk of developing myopia. We study how refractive error affects vergence-accommodation interactions in stereoscopic displays. Vergence and accommodative responses were measured in 21 young healthy adults (n=9 myopes, 22–31 years) while subjects viewed naturalistic stimuli on a 3D display. In Step 1, vergence was driven behind the monitor using a blurred, non-accommodative, uncrossed disparity target. In Step 2, vergence and accommodation were driven back to the monitor plane using naturalistic images that contained structured depth and focus information from size, blur and/or disparity. In Step 1, both refractive groups converged towards the stereoscopic target depth plane, but the vergence-driven accommodative change was smaller in emmetropes than in myopes (F1,19=5.13, p=0.036). In Step 2, there was little effect of peripheral depth cues on accommodation or vergence in either refractive group. However, vergence responses were significantly slower (F1,19=4.55, p=0.046) and accommodation variability was higher (F1,19=12.9, p=0.0019) in myopes. Vergence and accommodation responses are disrupted in virtual reality displays in both refractive groups. Accommodation responses are less stable in myopes, perhaps due to a lower sensitivity to dioptric blur. Such inaccuracies of accommodation may cause long-term blur on the retina, which has been associated with a failure of emmetropization.
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More information
Accepted/In Press date: 8 October 2017
e-pub ahead of print date: 16 October 2017
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01EY021553 . This work is based on part of author Kristen Kerber's Master's thesis. The authors thank Dr. Agostino Gibaldi for providing Fig. 1 , as well as two anonymous reviewers and the authors of Sravani et al. (2015) , particularly Vinay Kumar Nilagiri and Dr. Shrikant R. Bharadwaj, for analyzing the relationship between individual PowerRefractor calibration factors and refractive error.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords:
Accommodation, Myopia, Refractive error, Vergence, Virtual reality
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 485076
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/485076
ISSN: 0014-4835
PURE UUID: 9f98ee12-b9a5-4416-a58f-87baf769ccff
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Date deposited: 28 Nov 2023 18:17
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 04:11
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Contributors
Author:
Guido Maiello
Author:
Kristen L. Kerber
Author:
Frank Thorn
Author:
Peter J. Bex
Author:
Fuensanta A. Vera-Diaz
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