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Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere

Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere
Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere
Acoustics has become extraterrestrial and Mars provides a new natural laboratory for testing sound propagation models compared to those ones on Earth. Owing to the unique combination of a microphone and two sound sources, the Ingenuity helicopter and the SuperCam laser-induced sparks, the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover payload enables the in situ characterization of unique sound propagation properties of the low-pressure CO2-dominated Mars atmosphere. In this study, we show that atmospheric turbulence is responsible for a large variability in the sound amplitudes from laser-induced sparks. This variability follows the diurnal pattern of turbulence. In addition, acoustic measurements acquired over one Martian year reveal a variation of the sound intensity by a factor of 1.8 from a constant source due to the seasonal cycle of pressure and temperature that significantly modifies the acoustic impedance and shock-wave formation. Finally, we show that the evolution of the Ingenuity tones and laser spark amplitudes with distance is consistent with one of the existing sound absorption models, which is a key parameter for numerical simulations applied to geophysical experiments on CO2-rich atmospheres. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of sound propagation to interrogate the Mars environment and will therefore help in the design of future acoustic-based experiments for Mars or other planetary atmospheres such as Venus and Titan.
Mars, Mars 2020, Perseverance rover, SuperCam microphone, acoustics, atmosphere, sound propagation, turbulence
0012-821X
Chide, Baptiste
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Jacob, Xavier
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Petculescu, Andi
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Lorenz, Ralph D.
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Maurice, Sylvestre
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Seel, Fabian
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Schröder, Susanne
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Wiens, Roger C.
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Gillier, Martin
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Murdoch, Naomi
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Lanza, Nina L.
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Bertrand, Tanguy
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Leighton, Timothy G.
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Joseph, Phillip
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Pilleri, Paolo
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Mimoun, David
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Stott, Alexander
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de la Torre Juarez, Manuel
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Hueso, Ricardo
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Munguira, Asier
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Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin
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Martinez, German
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Larmat, Carène
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Lasue, Jérémie
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Newman, Claire
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Pla-Garcia, Jorge
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Bernardi, Pernelle
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Harri, Ari-Matti
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Genzer, Maria
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Lepinette, Alain
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Chide, Baptiste
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Jacob, Xavier
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Petculescu, Andi
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Lorenz, Ralph D.
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Maurice, Sylvestre
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Seel, Fabian
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Schröder, Susanne
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Wiens, Roger C.
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Gillier, Martin
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Murdoch, Naomi
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Lanza, Nina L.
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Bertrand, Tanguy
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Leighton, Timothy G.
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Joseph, Phillip
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Pilleri, Paolo
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Mimoun, David
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Stott, Alexander
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de la Torre Juarez, Manuel
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Hueso, Ricardo
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Munguira, Asier
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Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin
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Martinez, German
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Larmat, Carène
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Lasue, Jérémie
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Newman, Claire
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Pla-Garcia, Jorge
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Bernardi, Pernelle
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Harri, Ari-Matti
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Genzer, Maria
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Lepinette, Alain
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Chide, Baptiste, Jacob, Xavier, Petculescu, Andi, Lorenz, Ralph D., Maurice, Sylvestre, Seel, Fabian, Schröder, Susanne, Wiens, Roger C., Gillier, Martin, Murdoch, Naomi, Lanza, Nina L., Bertrand, Tanguy, Leighton, Timothy G., Joseph, Phillip, Pilleri, Paolo, Mimoun, David, Stott, Alexander, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, Hueso, Ricardo, Munguira, Asier, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin, Martinez, German, Larmat, Carène, Lasue, Jérémie, Newman, Claire, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Bernardi, Pernelle, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria and Lepinette, Alain (2023) Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 615, [118200]. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118200).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Acoustics has become extraterrestrial and Mars provides a new natural laboratory for testing sound propagation models compared to those ones on Earth. Owing to the unique combination of a microphone and two sound sources, the Ingenuity helicopter and the SuperCam laser-induced sparks, the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover payload enables the in situ characterization of unique sound propagation properties of the low-pressure CO2-dominated Mars atmosphere. In this study, we show that atmospheric turbulence is responsible for a large variability in the sound amplitudes from laser-induced sparks. This variability follows the diurnal pattern of turbulence. In addition, acoustic measurements acquired over one Martian year reveal a variation of the sound intensity by a factor of 1.8 from a constant source due to the seasonal cycle of pressure and temperature that significantly modifies the acoustic impedance and shock-wave formation. Finally, we show that the evolution of the Ingenuity tones and laser spark amplitudes with distance is consistent with one of the existing sound absorption models, which is a key parameter for numerical simulations applied to geophysical experiments on CO2-rich atmospheres. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of sound propagation to interrogate the Mars environment and will therefore help in the design of future acoustic-based experiments for Mars or other planetary atmospheres such as Venus and Titan.

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Accepted/In Press date: 2 May 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 24 May 2023
Published date: 1 August 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: The authors thank the Mars2020 Science and Engineering teams for their work supporting the mission that has enabled the scientific research presented in this manuscript. The author would like to thank Alice Le Gall for helpful comments and discussions. This work was funded in the US by NASA Mars Exploration Program support to the Mars 2020 mission, and in France was conducted under the authority of CNES and CNRS. B.C. is supported by the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, grant 20210960PRD3. R.H. A.M. and A.S.-L. are supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22. F.S. and S.S. are supported by DLR. R.L. is supported by JPL contract 1655893. Funding Information: The authors thank the Mars2020 Science and Engineering teams for their work supporting the mission that has enabled the scientific research presented in this manuscript. The author would like to thank Alice Le Gall for helpful comments and discussions. This work was funded in the US by NASA Mars Exploration Program support to the Mars 2020 mission, and in France was conducted under the authority of CNES and CNRS . B.C. is supported by the Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Los Alamos National Laboratory , grant 20210960PRD3 . R.H., A.M., and A.S.-L. are supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1742-22 . F.S. and S.S. are supported by DLR . R.L. is supported by JPL contract 1655893 . Publisher Copyright: © 2023
Keywords: Mars, Mars 2020, Perseverance rover, SuperCam microphone, acoustics, atmosphere, sound propagation, turbulence

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 485778
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/485778
DOI: doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118200
ISSN: 0012-821X
PURE UUID: 1d10a46d-8e55-4436-95d9-734ae39d9f3e
ORCID for Timothy G. Leighton: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-8750

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Date deposited: 18 Dec 2023 20:42
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:39

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Contributors

Author: Baptiste Chide
Author: Xavier Jacob
Author: Andi Petculescu
Author: Ralph D. Lorenz
Author: Sylvestre Maurice
Author: Fabian Seel
Author: Susanne Schröder
Author: Roger C. Wiens
Author: Martin Gillier
Author: Naomi Murdoch
Author: Nina L. Lanza
Author: Tanguy Bertrand
Author: Timothy G. Leighton ORCID iD
Author: Phillip Joseph
Author: Paolo Pilleri
Author: David Mimoun
Author: Alexander Stott
Author: Manuel de la Torre Juarez
Author: Ricardo Hueso
Author: Asier Munguira
Author: Agustin Sánchez-Lavega
Author: German Martinez
Author: Carène Larmat
Author: Jérémie Lasue
Author: Claire Newman
Author: Jorge Pla-Garcia
Author: Pernelle Bernardi
Author: Ari-Matti Harri
Author: Maria Genzer
Author: Alain Lepinette

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