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Wide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface

Wide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface
Wide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface
Temperature sensors are one of the most fundamental sensors and are found in industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. The traditional approach of reading the resistive response of Positive Temperature Coefficient thermistors at DC hindered their adoption as wide-range temperature sensors. Here, we present a large-area thermistor, based on a flexible and stretchable short carbon fibre incorporated Polydimethylsiloxane composite, enabled by a radio frequency sensing interface. The radio frequency readout overcomes the decades-old sensing range limit of thermistors. The composite exhibits a resistance sensitivity over 1000 °C−1, while maintaining stability against bending (20,000 cycles) and stretching (1000 cycles). Leveraging its large-area processing, the anisotropic composite is used as a substrate for sub-6 GHz radio frequency components, where the thermistor-based microwave resonators achieve a wide temperature sensing range (30 to 205 °C) compared to reported flexible temperature sensors, and high sensitivity (3.2 MHz/°C) compared to radio frequency temperature sensors. Wireless sensing is demonstrated using a microstrip patch antenna based on a thermistor substrate, and a battery-less radio frequency identification tag. This radio frequency-based sensor readout technique could enable functional materials to be directly integrated in wireless sensing applications.
thermistor, RF sensor, wireless sensor, anisotropic, anisotropy, anisotropic dielectric, anisotropic conductive composite, metamaterial, antenna sensor, Soft electronics, flexible sensors, stretchable sensor, temperature sensor, microstrip antenna sensor, anisotropic antenna, permittivity measurements, conductivity measurements, lossy dielectrics, sensing materials, stretchable electronics, RFID sensor, large-area sensors, wide-range thermistor, PTC thermistor, positive temperature coefficient thermistor, RFID, RSSI sensor, direct sensor modulation, antenna sensor modulation
2041-1723
Wagih, Mahmoud
b7f5eb30-0fb1-417f-9483-3df52107af31
Shi, Junjie
3e2ba75e-a773-478a-aacc-5d926bfd1669
Li, Menglong
dd640ccf-9d10-4fc1-a91b-9110af99e905
Komolafe, Abiodun
5e79fbab-38be-4a64-94d5-867a94690932
Whittaker, Thomas
a5b55bd5-e5cc-41c6-a27c-f834197e08d1
Schneider, Johannes
d15684ca-99b1-419c-8b84-ebb093a7ff94
Kumar, Shanmugam
53be4272-05a1-4541-86ce-f6a7838b7030
Whittow, William
8871a938-074b-42e4-94aa-8fda2580c676
Beeby, Stephen
ba565001-2812-4300-89f1-fe5a437ecb0d
Wagih, Mahmoud
b7f5eb30-0fb1-417f-9483-3df52107af31
Shi, Junjie
3e2ba75e-a773-478a-aacc-5d926bfd1669
Li, Menglong
dd640ccf-9d10-4fc1-a91b-9110af99e905
Komolafe, Abiodun
5e79fbab-38be-4a64-94d5-867a94690932
Whittaker, Thomas
a5b55bd5-e5cc-41c6-a27c-f834197e08d1
Schneider, Johannes
d15684ca-99b1-419c-8b84-ebb093a7ff94
Kumar, Shanmugam
53be4272-05a1-4541-86ce-f6a7838b7030
Whittow, William
8871a938-074b-42e4-94aa-8fda2580c676
Beeby, Stephen
ba565001-2812-4300-89f1-fe5a437ecb0d

Wagih, Mahmoud, Shi, Junjie, Li, Menglong, Komolafe, Abiodun, Whittaker, Thomas, Schneider, Johannes, Kumar, Shanmugam, Whittow, William and Beeby, Stephen (2024) Wide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface. Nature Communications, 15 (1), [452]. (doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44735-z).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Temperature sensors are one of the most fundamental sensors and are found in industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. The traditional approach of reading the resistive response of Positive Temperature Coefficient thermistors at DC hindered their adoption as wide-range temperature sensors. Here, we present a large-area thermistor, based on a flexible and stretchable short carbon fibre incorporated Polydimethylsiloxane composite, enabled by a radio frequency sensing interface. The radio frequency readout overcomes the decades-old sensing range limit of thermistors. The composite exhibits a resistance sensitivity over 1000 °C−1, while maintaining stability against bending (20,000 cycles) and stretching (1000 cycles). Leveraging its large-area processing, the anisotropic composite is used as a substrate for sub-6 GHz radio frequency components, where the thermistor-based microwave resonators achieve a wide temperature sensing range (30 to 205 °C) compared to reported flexible temperature sensors, and high sensitivity (3.2 MHz/°C) compared to radio frequency temperature sensors. Wireless sensing is demonstrated using a microstrip patch antenna based on a thermistor substrate, and a battery-less radio frequency identification tag. This radio frequency-based sensor readout technique could enable functional materials to be directly integrated in wireless sensing applications.

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Accepted/In Press date: 3 January 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 11 January 2024
Published date: 11 January 2024
Additional Information: Funding information: We would like to thank Harry Beeby for his help characterising the RFID thermistor and preparing the datasets and Aran Amin for his help obtaining SEM micrographs. This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grant EP/P010164/1 (S.B. and M.W.) and EP/S030301/1 (W.W.), the UK Royal Society under the Research Grant “STEMS” RGS\R1\231028 (M.W), the UK Royal Academy of Engineering and the Office of the Chief Science Adviser for National Security under the UK Intelligence Community Research Fellowship programme (M.W.) and the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Chairs in Emerging Technologies scheme (S.B.). Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).
Keywords: thermistor, RF sensor, wireless sensor, anisotropic, anisotropy, anisotropic dielectric, anisotropic conductive composite, metamaterial, antenna sensor, Soft electronics, flexible sensors, stretchable sensor, temperature sensor, microstrip antenna sensor, anisotropic antenna, permittivity measurements, conductivity measurements, lossy dielectrics, sensing materials, stretchable electronics, RFID sensor, large-area sensors, wide-range thermistor, PTC thermistor, positive temperature coefficient thermistor, RFID, RSSI sensor, direct sensor modulation, antenna sensor modulation

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 486413
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/486413
ISSN: 2041-1723
PURE UUID: 0fca0cbf-8ea0-466d-9ef4-3c1ec8b2cbfd
ORCID for Abiodun Komolafe: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-2390
ORCID for Stephen Beeby: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-1759

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 19 Jan 2024 18:49
Last modified: 22 May 2024 01:44

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Contributors

Author: Mahmoud Wagih
Author: Junjie Shi
Author: Menglong Li
Author: Abiodun Komolafe ORCID iD
Author: Thomas Whittaker
Author: Johannes Schneider
Author: Shanmugam Kumar
Author: William Whittow
Author: Stephen Beeby ORCID iD

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