Household, neighbourhood and service provider risk factors for piped drinking-water intermittency in urban and peri-urban Zambia: a cross-sectional analysis
Household, neighbourhood and service provider risk factors for piped drinking-water intermittency in urban and peri-urban Zambia: a cross-sectional analysis
Given nearly one third of sub-Saharan Africa’s population lack access to an improved water source that is available when needed, service continuity restricts access to safely managed services. Household surveys, water regulators, and utilities all gather data on service continuity, but few studies have integrated these disparate datasets to quantify continuity-related risk factors and inequalities. This study aimed to assess the added value of utility and regulator data for international monitoring by assessing factors affecting piped water availability in urban and peri-urban Zambia. Household ‘user’ data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (n = 3047) were spatially linked to provider data from an international utility database and regulator reports. Multilevel modelling quantified provider-related and socio-economic risk factors for households reporting water being unavailable for at least one day in the previous fortnight. 47% (95% CI: 45%, 49%) of urban and peri-urban households reported water being unavailable for at least one full day, ranging from 18% (95% CI: 14%, 23%) to 76% (95% CI: 70%, 81%) across providers. Controlling for provider, home ownership (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; p
Thomas-Possee, Mair L.H.
c43a2135-6dbc-4fc4-9c69-cd9ece0623b1
Channon, Andrew A.
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Bain, Robert E.S.
bc014460-35d7-4e81-8a01-0cf114356b46
Wright, James A.
94990ecf-f8dd-4649-84f2-b28bf272e464
5 February 2024
Thomas-Possee, Mair L.H.
c43a2135-6dbc-4fc4-9c69-cd9ece0623b1
Channon, Andrew A.
5a60607c-6861-4960-a81d-504169d5880c
Bain, Robert E.S.
bc014460-35d7-4e81-8a01-0cf114356b46
Wright, James A.
94990ecf-f8dd-4649-84f2-b28bf272e464
Thomas-Possee, Mair L.H., Channon, Andrew A., Bain, Robert E.S. and Wright, James A.
(2024)
Household, neighbourhood and service provider risk factors for piped drinking-water intermittency in urban and peri-urban Zambia: a cross-sectional analysis.
PLOS Water, 3 (2), [e0000127].
(doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000127).
Abstract
Given nearly one third of sub-Saharan Africa’s population lack access to an improved water source that is available when needed, service continuity restricts access to safely managed services. Household surveys, water regulators, and utilities all gather data on service continuity, but few studies have integrated these disparate datasets to quantify continuity-related risk factors and inequalities. This study aimed to assess the added value of utility and regulator data for international monitoring by assessing factors affecting piped water availability in urban and peri-urban Zambia. Household ‘user’ data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (n = 3047) were spatially linked to provider data from an international utility database and regulator reports. Multilevel modelling quantified provider-related and socio-economic risk factors for households reporting water being unavailable for at least one day in the previous fortnight. 47% (95% CI: 45%, 49%) of urban and peri-urban households reported water being unavailable for at least one full day, ranging from 18% (95% CI: 14%, 23%) to 76% (95% CI: 70%, 81%) across providers. Controlling for provider, home ownership (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; p
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journal.pwat.0000127
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Accepted/In Press date: 4 October 2023
Published date: 5 February 2024
Additional Information:
Funding: This research was supported by a South Coast Doctoral Training Partnership (SCDTP) PhD award, awarded to M.L.H.T-P., from the UK Economic and Social Research Council (Grant No. ES/P000673/1). This funding body had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Local EPrints ID: 486874
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/486874
PURE UUID: 5ff911dc-0b2d-49bf-98b8-f686677d121c
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Date deposited: 08 Feb 2024 17:30
Last modified: 24 Apr 2024 01:39
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Author:
Robert E.S. Bain
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