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Alive but barely kicking: news from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-newton X-ray monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1

Alive but barely kicking: news from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-newton X-ray monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1
Alive but barely kicking: news from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-newton X-ray monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1
Quasi-periodic Eruptions (QPEs) represent a novel class of extragalactic X-ray transients that are known to repeat at roughly regular intervals of a few hours to days. Their underlying physical mechanism is a topic of heated debate, with most models proposing that they originate either from instabilities within the inner accretion flow or from orbiting objects. At present, our knowledge of how QPEs evolve over an extended timescale of multiple years is limited, except for the unique QPE source GSN 069. In this study, we present results from strategically designed Swift observing programs spanning the past three years, aimed at tracking eruptions from eRO-QPE1. Our main results are: 1) the recurrence time of eruptions can vary between 0.6 and 1.2 days, 2) there is no detectable secular trend in evolution of the recurrence times, 3) consistent with prior studies, their eruption profiles can have complex shapes, and 4) the peak flux of the eruptions has been declining over the past 3 years with the eruptions barely detected in the most recent Swift dataset taken in June of 2023. This trend of weakening eruptions has been reported recently in GSN 069. However, because the background luminosity of eRO-QPE1 is below our detection limit, we cannot verify if the weakening is correlated with the background luminosity (as is claimed to be the case for GSN 069). We discuss these findings within the context of various proposed QPE models.
astro-ph.HE
arXiv
Pasham, Dheeraj R.
0205c46d-c904-447e-9846-1b198d64ff7d
Coughlin, Eric R.
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Zajacek, Michal
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Linial, Itai
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Sukova, Petra
c7dac154-aae2-42a0-964c-b18abe7aed7a
Nixon, Christopher J.
4b2b4be0-388c-4306-bb53-9ba34fc26bb9
Janiuk, Agnieszka
f12f8f3d-a9e9-499e-af90-9a0eaf6e4c13
Sniegowska, Marzena
06148b83-4eee-41a0-96df-0b95505979ae
Witzany, Vojtech
b9ed5cf4-ee3b-42e6-bfda-b24c867c5b90
Karas, Vladimir
573f31cb-be21-4a92-af65-a36a8851cb2a
Krumpe, M.
247403ee-f0cb-47e0-bda7-1d3c193b22a8
Altamirano, Diego
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Wevers, Thomas
493a4344-4cc8-4279-91de-e8c8dce1783c
Arcodia, Riccardo
b712afb2-4c60-4776-8845-850a74dc41b4
Pasham, Dheeraj R.
0205c46d-c904-447e-9846-1b198d64ff7d
Coughlin, Eric R.
1cc58a21-109c-4298-9ee4-bbbc47006072
Zajacek, Michal
91fbfeb6-03aa-4bd8-af22-957cc2d45fca
Linial, Itai
e9ceffee-9b57-4257-866d-3bdd2be8a5fd
Sukova, Petra
c7dac154-aae2-42a0-964c-b18abe7aed7a
Nixon, Christopher J.
4b2b4be0-388c-4306-bb53-9ba34fc26bb9
Janiuk, Agnieszka
f12f8f3d-a9e9-499e-af90-9a0eaf6e4c13
Sniegowska, Marzena
06148b83-4eee-41a0-96df-0b95505979ae
Witzany, Vojtech
b9ed5cf4-ee3b-42e6-bfda-b24c867c5b90
Karas, Vladimir
573f31cb-be21-4a92-af65-a36a8851cb2a
Krumpe, M.
247403ee-f0cb-47e0-bda7-1d3c193b22a8
Altamirano, Diego
d5ccdb09-0b71-4303-9538-05b467be075b
Wevers, Thomas
493a4344-4cc8-4279-91de-e8c8dce1783c
Arcodia, Riccardo
b712afb2-4c60-4776-8845-850a74dc41b4

[Unknown type: UNSPECIFIED]

Record type: UNSPECIFIED

Abstract

Quasi-periodic Eruptions (QPEs) represent a novel class of extragalactic X-ray transients that are known to repeat at roughly regular intervals of a few hours to days. Their underlying physical mechanism is a topic of heated debate, with most models proposing that they originate either from instabilities within the inner accretion flow or from orbiting objects. At present, our knowledge of how QPEs evolve over an extended timescale of multiple years is limited, except for the unique QPE source GSN 069. In this study, we present results from strategically designed Swift observing programs spanning the past three years, aimed at tracking eruptions from eRO-QPE1. Our main results are: 1) the recurrence time of eruptions can vary between 0.6 and 1.2 days, 2) there is no detectable secular trend in evolution of the recurrence times, 3) consistent with prior studies, their eruption profiles can have complex shapes, and 4) the peak flux of the eruptions has been declining over the past 3 years with the eruptions barely detected in the most recent Swift dataset taken in June of 2023. This trend of weakening eruptions has been reported recently in GSN 069. However, because the background luminosity of eRO-QPE1 is below our detection limit, we cannot verify if the weakening is correlated with the background luminosity (as is claimed to be the case for GSN 069). We discuss these findings within the context of various proposed QPE models.

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2402.09690v1 - Author's Original
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 15 February 2024
Additional Information: Resubmitted to ApJ Letters after implementing referee comments
Keywords: astro-ph.HE

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 487364
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/487364
PURE UUID: c04e4315-1363-4e68-b1c8-52d2f7d58242
ORCID for Diego Altamirano: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-0074

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Date deposited: 20 Feb 2024 00:03
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 03:27

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Contributors

Author: Dheeraj R. Pasham
Author: Eric R. Coughlin
Author: Michal Zajacek
Author: Itai Linial
Author: Petra Sukova
Author: Christopher J. Nixon
Author: Agnieszka Janiuk
Author: Marzena Sniegowska
Author: Vojtech Witzany
Author: Vladimir Karas
Author: M. Krumpe
Author: Thomas Wevers
Author: Riccardo Arcodia

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