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Employment conditions and mental health of overseas female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong: a parallel mediation analysis

Employment conditions and mental health of overseas female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong: a parallel mediation analysis
Employment conditions and mental health of overseas female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong: a parallel mediation analysis
Background: female migrant domestic workers (MDW), approximately 8.5 million globally, often live in their employer’s home under vulnerable conditions. In Hong Kong, MDWs currently comprise 5% of the population. This study was conducted to assess the association between employment conditions and mental health, and the mediating roles stress and job satisfaction have, among female MDWs in Hong Kong.

Methods: participants completed an online cross-sectional survey. A total of 1,965 survey were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Questions in the survey were related to MDWs background information, employment conditions, stress, job satisfaction, and two mental health outcomes: anxiety and depression. An employment conditions score was created to assess the cumulative effect poor employment conditions had on mental health. A multicategorical parallel mediation analysis was used to assess the direct effect employment conditions have on mental health and the indirect effects through stress and job satisfaction.

Results: overall, 17.7% of MDWs were reported to be suffering from anxiety and 30.8% from depression. An increase in poor employment conditions was statistically associated with an increase in both outcomes, while stress levels and job satisfaction mediated this association.

Conclusions: the findings call for increased scrutiny of employment conditions and mental well-being of MDWs.
Employment, Female, Hong Kong, Mental Health, Migration, Overseas domestic workers, Parallel Mediation Analysis, Women, Ethnic minority, Mental health, Employment conditions, Migrant domestic workers, Occupational health
1475-9276
Sumerlin, Timothy S.
df774a38-8519-4f48-8fc5-2fc2ac978bb5
Kim, Jean H.
720dcd21-1cc9-4414-8073-bb52b0ce387d
Hui, Alvin Yik-Kiu
88e469d5-e376-432f-ad0e-ca0431f85351
Chan, Dicken
421d005f-08b6-4cf2-a6ec-7ba2c28fd60d
Liao, Tim
503b01cb-a6b0-4d8d-8186-14e2ce3a608f
Padmadas, Sabu
64b6ab89-152b-48a3-838b-e9167964b508
Fong, Eric
b7c455f4-3c60-4e54-8bcc-550c671e37f5
Chung, Roger Y.
e357c2f8-3643-4981-bff9-c05c44d032b1
et al.
Sumerlin, Timothy S.
df774a38-8519-4f48-8fc5-2fc2ac978bb5
Kim, Jean H.
720dcd21-1cc9-4414-8073-bb52b0ce387d
Hui, Alvin Yik-Kiu
88e469d5-e376-432f-ad0e-ca0431f85351
Chan, Dicken
421d005f-08b6-4cf2-a6ec-7ba2c28fd60d
Liao, Tim
503b01cb-a6b0-4d8d-8186-14e2ce3a608f
Padmadas, Sabu
64b6ab89-152b-48a3-838b-e9167964b508
Fong, Eric
b7c455f4-3c60-4e54-8bcc-550c671e37f5
Chung, Roger Y.
e357c2f8-3643-4981-bff9-c05c44d032b1

Sumerlin, Timothy S., Kim, Jean H. and Hui, Alvin Yik-Kiu , et al. (2024) Employment conditions and mental health of overseas female migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong: a parallel mediation analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 23 (1), [8]. (doi:10.1186/s12939-024-02098-3).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: female migrant domestic workers (MDW), approximately 8.5 million globally, often live in their employer’s home under vulnerable conditions. In Hong Kong, MDWs currently comprise 5% of the population. This study was conducted to assess the association between employment conditions and mental health, and the mediating roles stress and job satisfaction have, among female MDWs in Hong Kong.

Methods: participants completed an online cross-sectional survey. A total of 1,965 survey were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Questions in the survey were related to MDWs background information, employment conditions, stress, job satisfaction, and two mental health outcomes: anxiety and depression. An employment conditions score was created to assess the cumulative effect poor employment conditions had on mental health. A multicategorical parallel mediation analysis was used to assess the direct effect employment conditions have on mental health and the indirect effects through stress and job satisfaction.

Results: overall, 17.7% of MDWs were reported to be suffering from anxiety and 30.8% from depression. An increase in poor employment conditions was statistically associated with an increase in both outcomes, while stress levels and job satisfaction mediated this association.

Conclusions: the findings call for increased scrutiny of employment conditions and mental well-being of MDWs.

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Accepted/In Press date: 8 January 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 17 January 2024
Published date: 17 January 2024
Additional Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi. org/10.1186/s12939-024-02098-3. Publisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).
Keywords: Employment, Female, Hong Kong, Mental Health, Migration, Overseas domestic workers, Parallel Mediation Analysis, Women, Ethnic minority, Mental health, Employment conditions, Migrant domestic workers, Occupational health

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 488287
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/488287
ISSN: 1475-9276
PURE UUID: 0e605cb2-5655-4b79-87fe-a2c66de0d582
ORCID for Sabu Padmadas: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9374

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Date deposited: 19 Mar 2024 18:01
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 01:41

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Contributors

Author: Timothy S. Sumerlin
Author: Jean H. Kim
Author: Alvin Yik-Kiu Hui
Author: Dicken Chan
Author: Tim Liao
Author: Sabu Padmadas ORCID iD
Author: Eric Fong
Author: Roger Y. Chung
Corporate Author: et al.

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