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Critical care pharmacy service provision and workforce in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centres: a multicentre cross-sectional survey

Critical care pharmacy service provision and workforce in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centres: a multicentre cross-sectional survey
Critical care pharmacy service provision and workforce in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centres: a multicentre cross-sectional survey

Background: There is good evidence describing pharmacy workforce and service provision in general critical care units. However, no data exist from adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centres. Aim: To describe workforce characteristics, pharmacy service provision, and pharmaceutical care activities in critical care units (CCUs) providing an adult ECMO service in the United Kingdom (UK) and compare to national staffing standards for CCUs. Method: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional electronic survey inviting one pharmacy professional response per UK ECMO centre. We collated information on workforce, service provision, and pharmaceutical care activities provided by pharmacy teams in adult CCUs with an ECMO service. Results: The survey response rate was 90.9%: representatives of 10/11 tertiary hospitals providing ECMO services responded. Median critical care pharmacist to critical care bed was 1:12.1 (IQR: 1:9.4–1:14.9). Most centres (90.0%) did not meet national standards for pharmacy professionals to critical care bed staffing ratios for weekday services. Total critical care beds covered by the critical care pharmacy team varied across the UK: median (IQR) – 45 (37–80) beds. Two centres funded pharmacist time for ECMO activity, and one centre funded a pharmacy technician post. Median peak ECMO activity was 4 ECMO patients in a single day (IQR: 3–5). Most respondents reported reduced pharmacy service at weekends compared to weekday, with limited on-site support. Conclusion: Most responding ECMO centres in the UK reported pharmacy staffing ratios below nationally agreed critical care standards. There was high variability in clinical pharmacy services to ECMO patients over 7 days.

Clinical pharmacy service, Critical care, ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Pharmacist, Workforce
2210-7703
854-861
Remmington, Christopher
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Hanks, Fraser
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Lang, Ya-Hui
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Coxhead, Ruth
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Barrow, Linda
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Mehta, Reena
85e3e4ed-181a-4f4f-95d2-b0d65b7ec79f
Lyster, Haifa
34e5f4d2-b3ba-42f0-b148-24192d17a160
Bhudia, Nisha
8c49ce85-27f3-4476-9814-ad91395862b5
Cooke, Sarah
7a8b4b28-2965-4417-86bd-b796f127be34
gilmartin, james
bef7565c-e046-4e71-8297-85a13325bfac
Lee, Phillisa
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Sloss, Rhona
004ff790-1f05-41e7-9554-04fa92dcefa9
McKenzie, Cathrine
ec344dee-5777-49c5-970e-6326e82c9f8c
et al.
Remmington, Christopher
73e46f54-40a5-48f2-8890-b8f68c4a8bac
Hanks, Fraser
ec1a4378-37f9-450a-aee8-b61715e4561a
Lang, Ya-Hui
b5fd8663-3552-4c8a-959b-e6149b4ba2e3
Coxhead, Ruth
c8a93455-b02e-4359-80d7-442845266baf
Barrow, Linda
7c288ed7-3889-457a-aa45-95625dad6440
Mehta, Reena
85e3e4ed-181a-4f4f-95d2-b0d65b7ec79f
Lyster, Haifa
34e5f4d2-b3ba-42f0-b148-24192d17a160
Bhudia, Nisha
8c49ce85-27f3-4476-9814-ad91395862b5
Cooke, Sarah
7a8b4b28-2965-4417-86bd-b796f127be34
gilmartin, james
bef7565c-e046-4e71-8297-85a13325bfac
Lee, Phillisa
a88b4b82-1149-4529-85f4-50819d35460e
Sloss, Rhona
004ff790-1f05-41e7-9554-04fa92dcefa9
McKenzie, Cathrine
ec344dee-5777-49c5-970e-6326e82c9f8c

Remmington, Christopher, Hanks, Fraser and Lang, Ya-Hui , et al. (2024) Critical care pharmacy service provision and workforce in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centres: a multicentre cross-sectional survey. International journal of clinical pharmacy, 46 (4), 854-861. (doi:10.1007/s11096-024-01719-9).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: There is good evidence describing pharmacy workforce and service provision in general critical care units. However, no data exist from adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centres. Aim: To describe workforce characteristics, pharmacy service provision, and pharmaceutical care activities in critical care units (CCUs) providing an adult ECMO service in the United Kingdom (UK) and compare to national staffing standards for CCUs. Method: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional electronic survey inviting one pharmacy professional response per UK ECMO centre. We collated information on workforce, service provision, and pharmaceutical care activities provided by pharmacy teams in adult CCUs with an ECMO service. Results: The survey response rate was 90.9%: representatives of 10/11 tertiary hospitals providing ECMO services responded. Median critical care pharmacist to critical care bed was 1:12.1 (IQR: 1:9.4–1:14.9). Most centres (90.0%) did not meet national standards for pharmacy professionals to critical care bed staffing ratios for weekday services. Total critical care beds covered by the critical care pharmacy team varied across the UK: median (IQR) – 45 (37–80) beds. Two centres funded pharmacist time for ECMO activity, and one centre funded a pharmacy technician post. Median peak ECMO activity was 4 ECMO patients in a single day (IQR: 3–5). Most respondents reported reduced pharmacy service at weekends compared to weekday, with limited on-site support. Conclusion: Most responding ECMO centres in the UK reported pharmacy staffing ratios below nationally agreed critical care standards. There was high variability in clinical pharmacy services to ECMO patients over 7 days.

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ECMO survey manuscript_revision_cleaned version - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 27 February 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 29 March 2024
Published date: 29 March 2024
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Keywords: Clinical pharmacy service, Critical care, ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Pharmacist, Workforce

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 488303
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/488303
ISSN: 2210-7703
PURE UUID: 7f13a42b-c958-43f4-b5d0-fcbedf2e6463
ORCID for Cathrine McKenzie: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-9711

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Date deposited: 19 Mar 2024 18:13
Last modified: 02 Nov 2024 03:11

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Contributors

Author: Christopher Remmington
Author: Fraser Hanks
Author: Ya-Hui Lang
Author: Ruth Coxhead
Author: Linda Barrow
Author: Reena Mehta
Author: Haifa Lyster
Author: Nisha Bhudia
Author: Sarah Cooke
Author: james gilmartin
Author: Phillisa Lee
Author: Rhona Sloss
Author: Cathrine McKenzie ORCID iD
Corporate Author: et al.

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