Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition on hard carbon powders to produce composite energy materials

Abstract

Herein, we report a general route for the uniform coating of hard carbon (HC) powders via fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition. Carbon-based fine powders are excellent substrate materials for many catalytic and electrochemical applications but intrinsically difficult to fluidize and prone to elutriation. The reactor was designed to achieve as much retention of powders as possible, supported by a computational fluid dynamics study to assess the hydrodynamic behavior for varying gaseous flow rates. Solutions of the tin seleno- and thio-ether complexes [SnCl₄{ⁿBuSe(CH₂)₃SeⁿBu}] and [SnCl₄{ⁿBuS(CH₂)₃SⁿBu}] were used as single source precursors and injected at high temperature into a fluidized bed of HC powders under nitrogen flow. The method allowed for the synthesis of HC-SnS_x–SnSe₂ composites at the gram scale with potential applications in electrocatalysis and sodium-ion battery anodes.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Marianna Casavola: orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-7431

ORCID for Gillian Reid: orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-3468

ORCID for Andrew L. Hector: orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-2163

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