Home-made chemical vapor deposition-based synthesis of binder-free nanostructured magnesium-molybdenum-sulfide electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Abstract

Molybdenum disulfides (MoS₂) is considered as promising electrode materials (E-M) for high electrochemical performance (ECP) of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors due to their layered nanostructures. Herein, MoS₂, MgS and hetrostructure MgS/MoS₂ E-Ms comprising of nano-particles/sheets/needles like structures are synthesized on Nickel foam (Ni–F) by a simple home-made chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of MoS₂, MgS and MgS/MoS₂ polycrystalline E-Ms growing along different directions. The FESEM analysis is confirmed that the addition of MgS layer over the surface of MoS₂ change the surafce morphology from nano-particles to nano-needles. The change in structural and microstructural features is indicated the appearance of defects, micro-strain and dislocations density which are fruitful for excellent ECP. The cyclic voltammetry analysis is indicated the pseudocapacitive nature of the synthesized E-Ms. The maximum specific capacitance values for MoS₂/Ni–F, MgS/Ni–F and MgS/MoS₂/Ni–F E-Ms are 1273, 1688 and 3934 F/g at 1 A/g respectively. Moreover, the addition of MgS layer over MoS₂/Ni–F is revealed the excellent cyclic stability of 98.76 % at current density of 10 A/g after 4000 cycles, energy density values are ranged from 79 to 136 W h/kg with homologous power density of 250–2500 W/kg and very small charge transfer resistance. The simulations of Power's Law and Dunn's model is confirmed that the excellent ECP is due to both capacitive and diffusive controlled contributions of heterostructured MgS/MoS₂/Ni–F E-Ms. Additionally, MgS/MoS₂/Ni–F E-Ms have both battery and pseudocapacitive nature due to unique nano-needles like morphology. The excellent electrochemical properties of MgS/MoS₂/Ni–F E-Ms substantiate their potential applications in portable energy storage devices.

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