Genetic design of precipitation-hardening stainless steels for additive manufacturing
Genetic design of precipitation-hardening stainless steels for additive manufacturing
A genetic algorithm for the design of precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels (SSs) for additive manufacturing (AM) is presented. A fully martensitic matrix is found to be the key factor for achieving the maximum strength but, unlike earlier studies, in situ ageing treatment unique to AM is also taken into consideration, leading to the promotion of precipitation of Cu-rich precipitates during AM. Design theories are integrated to a genetic algorithm optimisation framework to maximise strength and printability. Experimental proof of concept was made by fabricating the novel alloy components using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM, and was compared to a commercial LPBFed 17-4 PH SS. The results are consistent with the goals of the design strategy. The superior mechanical properties of the designed alloy were attributed mainly to a combination of two factors: precipitation hardening and dislocation strengthening. Precipitation hardening, controlled by a high dislocation density of the matrix as a result of dislocation multiplication and annihilation during printing, is the main responsible for the improvement of yield strength of the LPBFed novel PH SS.
Additive manufacturing, Atom probe tomography, Cu-rich precipitates, Laser powder bed fusion, Precipitation hardening steels
Sabzi, Hossein Eskandari
767d5a23-489d-455f-80d0-bad990b42783
Lim, Seoung Ho
55556021-3850-4702-a4da-850327b04555
Crociata, Diego Della
b2ef6725-18df-4d6d-802b-541192954161
Castellote-Alvarez, Roger
46684088-7871-4822-aac0-d71cf20c5020
Simonelli, Marco
61debb45-6dad-429f-b5a1-c5619295624f
San-Martín, David
3cb4e081-1f6f-4f63-a25f-30613c3288a1
Hao, Xinjiang
b5bd806e-cfec-4b6b-abfb-3984c5432f9f
Choi, Pyuck Pa
5428a1af-0f6b-4e4d-b784-6c80d1615552
Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Pedro E.J.
6e0abc1c-2aee-4a18-badc-bac28e7831e2
28 May 2024
Sabzi, Hossein Eskandari
767d5a23-489d-455f-80d0-bad990b42783
Lim, Seoung Ho
55556021-3850-4702-a4da-850327b04555
Crociata, Diego Della
b2ef6725-18df-4d6d-802b-541192954161
Castellote-Alvarez, Roger
46684088-7871-4822-aac0-d71cf20c5020
Simonelli, Marco
61debb45-6dad-429f-b5a1-c5619295624f
San-Martín, David
3cb4e081-1f6f-4f63-a25f-30613c3288a1
Hao, Xinjiang
b5bd806e-cfec-4b6b-abfb-3984c5432f9f
Choi, Pyuck Pa
5428a1af-0f6b-4e4d-b784-6c80d1615552
Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Pedro E.J.
6e0abc1c-2aee-4a18-badc-bac28e7831e2
Sabzi, Hossein Eskandari, Lim, Seoung Ho, Crociata, Diego Della, Castellote-Alvarez, Roger, Simonelli, Marco, San-Martín, David, Hao, Xinjiang, Choi, Pyuck Pa and Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, Pedro E.J.
(2024)
Genetic design of precipitation-hardening stainless steels for additive manufacturing.
Acta Materialia, 274, [120018].
(doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120018).
Abstract
A genetic algorithm for the design of precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels (SSs) for additive manufacturing (AM) is presented. A fully martensitic matrix is found to be the key factor for achieving the maximum strength but, unlike earlier studies, in situ ageing treatment unique to AM is also taken into consideration, leading to the promotion of precipitation of Cu-rich precipitates during AM. Design theories are integrated to a genetic algorithm optimisation framework to maximise strength and printability. Experimental proof of concept was made by fabricating the novel alloy components using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM, and was compared to a commercial LPBFed 17-4 PH SS. The results are consistent with the goals of the design strategy. The superior mechanical properties of the designed alloy were attributed mainly to a combination of two factors: precipitation hardening and dislocation strengthening. Precipitation hardening, controlled by a high dislocation density of the matrix as a result of dislocation multiplication and annihilation during printing, is the main responsible for the improvement of yield strength of the LPBFed novel PH SS.
Text
1-s2.0-S1359645424003707-main
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More information
Accepted/In Press date: 14 May 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 23 May 2024
Published date: 28 May 2024
Keywords:
Additive manufacturing, Atom probe tomography, Cu-rich precipitates, Laser powder bed fusion, Precipitation hardening steels
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 492074
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/492074
ISSN: 1359-6454
PURE UUID: f0492e1c-e8ab-41a0-a892-adb7fda78d83
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Date deposited: 16 Jul 2024 16:34
Last modified: 17 Jul 2024 02:08
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Contributors
Author:
Hossein Eskandari Sabzi
Author:
Seoung Ho Lim
Author:
Diego Della Crociata
Author:
Roger Castellote-Alvarez
Author:
Marco Simonelli
Author:
David San-Martín
Author:
Xinjiang Hao
Author:
Pyuck Pa Choi
Author:
Pedro E.J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo
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