Identifying patients at risk of anaphylaxis
Identifying patients at risk of anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that warrants prompt diagnosis and management. It continues to be challenging to anticipate who may be at risk of a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis can be caused by a range of allergens, such as certain foods, medications, latex, insect stings, etc. Cofactors that augment the severity of clinical symptoms and increase the risk of poor outcomes include exercise, stress, infectious diseases, underlying mast cell disease, active allergic disease such as asthma, advanced age, intake of certain medications, history of previous anaphylaxis, and delayed or missed administration of adrenaline. According to the European Anaphylaxis Registry, food is the major elicitor of anaphylaxis, especially eggs, cow milk, and nuts, in children and adolescents. Reaction to insect venom has also been noted in young adulthood. Early recognition of signs and symptoms and prompt treatment are crucial in anaphylaxis management to avoid serious and even fatal outcomes. It is crucial for both individuals and clinicians to identify the cause of anaphylaxis. Biomarkers of anaphylaxis, such as histamine, tryptase, platelet activation factor (PAF), chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), basogranulin, CCL-2, hsa-miR-451a, may be useful in diagnosis and management. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive overview of current evidence and expert opinions regarding the risk factors that predispose individuals to anaphylaxis. Additionally, it provides insights into potential biomarkers and genetic markers for accurate diagnosis and management. This review underscores the significance of expert guidance in enhancing patient outcomes and enabling self-management of anaphylactic episodes.
Anaphylaxis, Biomarkers, Prevention and control, Risk factors, Self-management
DuToit, George
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Smith, Pete
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Muraro, Antonella
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Fox, Adam T.
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Roberts, Graham
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Ring, Johannes
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Worm, Margitta
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11 June 2024
DuToit, George
bec9856e-2803-45b6-a381-4cbb9e403344
Smith, Pete
a8a5c7c1-faf6-4b75-b125-ec8c73d104a2
Muraro, Antonella
c554bef5-502b-4540-a6f0-a3f7c37f0075
Fox, Adam T.
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Roberts, Graham
ea00db4e-84e7-4b39-8273-9b71dbd7e2f3
Ring, Johannes
bb8decab-4194-4007-9db0-cca8fd31d40a
Worm, Margitta
59406574-ce5f-4ca5-9319-7543c719cc5b
DuToit, George, Smith, Pete, Muraro, Antonella, Fox, Adam T., Roberts, Graham, Ring, Johannes and Worm, Margitta
(2024)
Identifying patients at risk of anaphylaxis.
World Allergy Organization Journal, 17 (6), [100904].
(doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100904).
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that warrants prompt diagnosis and management. It continues to be challenging to anticipate who may be at risk of a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis can be caused by a range of allergens, such as certain foods, medications, latex, insect stings, etc. Cofactors that augment the severity of clinical symptoms and increase the risk of poor outcomes include exercise, stress, infectious diseases, underlying mast cell disease, active allergic disease such as asthma, advanced age, intake of certain medications, history of previous anaphylaxis, and delayed or missed administration of adrenaline. According to the European Anaphylaxis Registry, food is the major elicitor of anaphylaxis, especially eggs, cow milk, and nuts, in children and adolescents. Reaction to insect venom has also been noted in young adulthood. Early recognition of signs and symptoms and prompt treatment are crucial in anaphylaxis management to avoid serious and even fatal outcomes. It is crucial for both individuals and clinicians to identify the cause of anaphylaxis. Biomarkers of anaphylaxis, such as histamine, tryptase, platelet activation factor (PAF), chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), basogranulin, CCL-2, hsa-miR-451a, may be useful in diagnosis and management. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive overview of current evidence and expert opinions regarding the risk factors that predispose individuals to anaphylaxis. Additionally, it provides insights into potential biomarkers and genetic markers for accurate diagnosis and management. This review underscores the significance of expert guidance in enhancing patient outcomes and enabling self-management of anaphylactic episodes.
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Accepted/In Press date: 5 April 2024
Published date: 11 June 2024
Additional Information:
© 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of World Allergy Organization.
Keywords:
Anaphylaxis, Biomarkers, Prevention and control, Risk factors, Self-management
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 492209
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/492209
ISSN: 1939-4551
PURE UUID: 586e2426-bdac-43f1-aea5-72eb0bab9755
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Date deposited: 22 Jul 2024 16:37
Last modified: 14 Aug 2024 01:40
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Contributors
Author:
George DuToit
Author:
Pete Smith
Author:
Antonella Muraro
Author:
Adam T. Fox
Author:
Johannes Ring
Author:
Margitta Worm
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