Cognitive dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder: new implications for nosological systems and neurobiological models
Cognitive dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder: new implications for nosological systems and neurobiological models
Introduction Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating disorder, characterized by obsessions and compulsions relating specifically to perceived appearance, and which has been newly classified within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders grouping. Until now, little research has been conducted into the cognitive profile of this disorder. Methods Participants with BDD (n=12) and participants without BDD (n=16) were tested using a computerized neurocognitive battery investigating attentional set-shifting (Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift Task), decision-making (Cambridge Gamble Task), motor response-inhibition (Stop-Signal Reaction Time Task), and affective processing (Affective Go-No Go Task). The groups were matched for age, IQ, and education. Results In comparison to controls, patients with BDD showed significantly impaired attentional set-shifting, abnormal decision-making, impaired response inhibition, and greater omission and commission errors on the emotional processing task. Conclusion Despite the modest sample size, our results showed that individuals with BDD performed poorly compared to healthy controls on tests of cognitive flexibility, reward and motor impulsivity, and affective processing. Results from separate studies in OCD patients suggest similar cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, these findings are consistent with the reclassification of BDD alongside OCD. These data also hint at additional areas of decision-making abnormalities that might contribute specifically to the psychopathology of BDD.
Affective processing, body dysmorphic disorder, cognitive deficits, cognitive inflexibility, neurobiological, obsessive compulsive disorder, response inhibition
51-60
Jefferies-Sewell, Kiri
64f116a6-10d1-47a7-a1ca-14d896c5a341
Chamberlain, Samuel R.
8a0e09e6-f51f-4039-9287-88debe8d8b6f
Fineberg, Naomi A.
157dcac1-9fb2-4197-81f3-0167e1224f05
Laws, Keith R.
031e4f58-3b61-4080-b461-82b16f75bead
1 February 2017
Jefferies-Sewell, Kiri
64f116a6-10d1-47a7-a1ca-14d896c5a341
Chamberlain, Samuel R.
8a0e09e6-f51f-4039-9287-88debe8d8b6f
Fineberg, Naomi A.
157dcac1-9fb2-4197-81f3-0167e1224f05
Laws, Keith R.
031e4f58-3b61-4080-b461-82b16f75bead
Jefferies-Sewell, Kiri, Chamberlain, Samuel R., Fineberg, Naomi A. and Laws, Keith R.
(2017)
Cognitive dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder: new implications for nosological systems and neurobiological models.
CNS Spectrums, 22 (1), .
(doi:10.1017/S1092852916000468).
Abstract
Introduction Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating disorder, characterized by obsessions and compulsions relating specifically to perceived appearance, and which has been newly classified within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders grouping. Until now, little research has been conducted into the cognitive profile of this disorder. Methods Participants with BDD (n=12) and participants without BDD (n=16) were tested using a computerized neurocognitive battery investigating attentional set-shifting (Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift Task), decision-making (Cambridge Gamble Task), motor response-inhibition (Stop-Signal Reaction Time Task), and affective processing (Affective Go-No Go Task). The groups were matched for age, IQ, and education. Results In comparison to controls, patients with BDD showed significantly impaired attentional set-shifting, abnormal decision-making, impaired response inhibition, and greater omission and commission errors on the emotional processing task. Conclusion Despite the modest sample size, our results showed that individuals with BDD performed poorly compared to healthy controls on tests of cognitive flexibility, reward and motor impulsivity, and affective processing. Results from separate studies in OCD patients suggest similar cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, these findings are consistent with the reclassification of BDD alongside OCD. These data also hint at additional areas of decision-making abnormalities that might contribute specifically to the psychopathology of BDD.
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e-pub ahead of print date: 30 November 2016
Published date: 1 February 2017
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© Cambridge University Press 2016.
Keywords:
Affective processing, body dysmorphic disorder, cognitive deficits, cognitive inflexibility, neurobiological, obsessive compulsive disorder, response inhibition
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Local EPrints ID: 492579
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/492579
ISSN: 1092-8529
PURE UUID: b8f6e8ba-8b8a-4869-940a-f68a0778ec1d
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Date deposited: 06 Aug 2024 16:46
Last modified: 07 Aug 2024 01:59
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Author:
Kiri Jefferies-Sewell
Author:
Samuel R. Chamberlain
Author:
Naomi A. Fineberg
Author:
Keith R. Laws
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