Heller, Markus O. (2022) Finite element analysis in orthopedic biomechanics. In, Innocenti, Bernardo and Galbusera, Fabio (eds.) Human Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications. Elsevier, pp. 637-658. (doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824481-4.00026-3).
Abstract
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a numerical analysis method used for solving a multitude of engineering problems related to structural analysis and fluid flow. Unsurprisingly, FEA has therefore become an essential tool for developing our understanding of musculoskeletal mechanics and is now recognized as a crucial instrument to inform the development of novel orthopedic implants and devices.
FEA helps to determine how organs and tissues such as bone respond to load, serves to assess the performance of joint replacement components, and helps to predict changes to both musculoskeletal tissues and biomaterials over time. Though increasing computing power helps solving ever more complex problems in more and more detail, understanding key principles of the method and its application to orthopedic problems is instrumental for sound FEA.
This chapter provides a concise introduction into essential considerations and best practices, with a particular focus on (displacement) boundary and loading conditions. Key concepts are further illustrated through a case study focusing on the strain distribution in the femoral diaphysis as an exemplary application of FEA for understanding the biomechanics of long bones.
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