Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in developmental dyslexic reading
Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in developmental dyslexic reading
During reading, adults and children independently parafoveally encode letter identity and letter position information using a flexible letter position encoding mechanism. The current study examined parafoveal encoding of letter position and letter identity for dyslexic children. Eye movements were recorded during a boundary-change paradigm.
Parafoveal previews were either an identity preview (e.g., nearly), a transposed-letter preview (e.g., enarly), or a substituted-letter preview (e.g., acarly). Dyslexic readers showed a preview benefit for identity previews, indicating that orthographic information was encoded parafoveally. Furthermore, dyslexic readers benefitted from transposed-letter previews more than substituted-letters previews, demonstrating that letter identity was encoded independently to letter position during parafoveal processing. Although a transposed-letter effect was found for dyslexic readers, they demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to detect transposed letters in later measures of reading, that is, go-past times, relative to that found for typically developing readers. We conclude that dyslexic readers, with less rich and fully specified lexical representations, have a reduced sensitivity to transpositions of the first two letters of the upcoming word in preview. These findings are compatible with the view that orthographic representations of dyslexic children are not sufficiently specified.
Kirkby, Julie A.
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Barrington, Rhiannon S.
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Drieghe, Denis
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Liversedge, Simon P.
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Kirkby, Julie A.
9886c343-8d24-4f5e-a840-cbaaa27f6c4f
Barrington, Rhiannon S.
bbe9b6e8-426e-41d2-b67d-f2cb5ce16300
Drieghe, Denis
dfe41922-1cea-47f4-904b-26d5c9fe85ce
Liversedge, Simon P.
f038b096-b5f1-41ac-abb6-2ce4feaee6b3
Kirkby, Julie A., Barrington, Rhiannon S., Drieghe, Denis and Liversedge, Simon P.
(2024)
Parafoveal processing and transposed-letter effects in developmental dyslexic reading.
Dyslexia.
(In Press)
Abstract
During reading, adults and children independently parafoveally encode letter identity and letter position information using a flexible letter position encoding mechanism. The current study examined parafoveal encoding of letter position and letter identity for dyslexic children. Eye movements were recorded during a boundary-change paradigm.
Parafoveal previews were either an identity preview (e.g., nearly), a transposed-letter preview (e.g., enarly), or a substituted-letter preview (e.g., acarly). Dyslexic readers showed a preview benefit for identity previews, indicating that orthographic information was encoded parafoveally. Furthermore, dyslexic readers benefitted from transposed-letter previews more than substituted-letters previews, demonstrating that letter identity was encoded independently to letter position during parafoveal processing. Although a transposed-letter effect was found for dyslexic readers, they demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to detect transposed letters in later measures of reading, that is, go-past times, relative to that found for typically developing readers. We conclude that dyslexic readers, with less rich and fully specified lexical representations, have a reduced sensitivity to transpositions of the first two letters of the upcoming word in preview. These findings are compatible with the view that orthographic representations of dyslexic children are not sufficiently specified.
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Kirkby, Barrington, Drieghe & Liversedge (in press)
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Accepted/In Press date: 1 August 2024
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Local EPrints ID: 493085
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/493085
ISSN: 1076-9242
PURE UUID: 80a7ee2a-79d7-4169-afd1-e44f5be520d8
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Date deposited: 22 Aug 2024 17:04
Last modified: 23 Aug 2024 01:42
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Contributors
Author:
Julie A. Kirkby
Author:
Rhiannon S. Barrington
Author:
Simon P. Liversedge
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