A physical model of tsunami inundation and wave pressures for an idealized coastal industrial site

Kihara, Naoto, Arikawa, Taro, Asai, Tatsuya, Hasebe, Masanobu, Ikeya, Tsuyoshi, Inoue, Shunsaku, Kaida, Hideki, Matsutomi, Hideo, Nakano, Yoshiaki, Okuda, Yasuo, Okuno, Shunya, Ooie, Takayuki, Shigihara, Yoshinori, Shoji, Gaku, Tateno, Tomokazu, Tsurudome, Chiaki and Watanabe, Masashi (2021) A physical model of tsunami inundation and wave pressures for an idealized coastal industrial site. Coastal Engineering, 169, [103970]. (doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.103970).

Abstract

A series of physical model experiments of tsunami inundation over an idealized industrial site located in a coastal area were performed in this study. Two types of tsunami-like waves with markedly different characteristics were generated. The first was a single long wave and the second was a long wave with soliton fission (undular bore). This study measured the water surface elevation and velocity, as well as the pressures at several heights for some building and tank models that were installed over the coastal area. An experimental benchmark dataset for the tsunami inundations and impacts over a complex topography were produced. This investigation shows that a wide spatial variance of the maximum inundation depth was observed. This was caused by the effects of the surrounding structures, especially the blocking effects due to the structures. The location where the effects occurred depends on the blocking fraction as well as the Froude number of inflows. This study also investigates the relationship between the pressures and neighboring flow profiles. It was determined that under the inundation flow condition without soliton fissions and wave breaking, the maximum pressures can be predicted by the Asakura-type model from the neighboring flow profiles. On the other hand, for the bore condition, the Cross-type model is more appropriate for predicting the maximum pressures. The log-normal standard deviations of the differences between the measured maximum pressures and the predicted pressures are also shown. This information can be useful when performing a probabilistic damage analysis or analyzing the fragility of buildings.

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Contributors

Author: Masashi Watanabe

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