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Biogas beyond boundaries: novel algebraic equations for global warming standardization in anaerobic digestion systems with critical life cycle analyses

Biogas beyond boundaries: novel algebraic equations for global warming standardization in anaerobic digestion systems with critical life cycle analyses
Biogas beyond boundaries: novel algebraic equations for global warming standardization in anaerobic digestion systems with critical life cycle analyses
Amidst rising interest in biogas as a sustainable alternative to traditional energy vectors like natural gas, this study focuses on its role in achieving net-zero targets—where carbon emissions are balanced with sequestration. Biogas, derived from carbon-neutral organic waste, offers significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Life cycle assessments (LCA) are crucial for evaluating the global warming potential (GWP) of biogas, ensuring its effectiveness in offsetting fossil fuel equivalents. However, current GWP calculations lack transparency and standardization, necessitating new robust easily calculable algebraic equations. Our study introduces two complementary sets of equations, grounded in published literature and LCA databases. Despite their differing structures due to distinctive specific activities across life cycles, both sets yield closely aligned estimations, reinforcing confidence in these models. The GWP is sensitive to the feedstock type, electricity and heat consumption, and fugitive emissions. The statistical distributions show the mean GWP of 0.54 per m3 biogas, 0.09 per kWh biomethane and 0.73 per kWh electricity production rates of cradle-to-grave systems with all plausible technologies available in the database. The lowest GWP meets the UK’s 50 g CO2e per kWh biomethane target by 2030 for gas grid injection. The GWP in g CO2e per kg AD feedstock is 93-104 (manure), 16-26 (sludge), and 273 (grass silage), etc. The biowaste AD system reduces at 0.5-0.7 kg CO2e per kWh of electricity generated, requiring 1.5 MWh of minimum threshold electricity generation to reduce 1 tonne of CO2e.
Social Science Research Network
Zhang, Ruosi
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Sadhukhan, Jhuma
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Zhang, Duo
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Short, Michael
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McKechnie, Jon
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Liu, Yongqiang
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Bywater, Angela
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Murali, Rohit
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Nnorom, Mac-Anthony
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Dolat, Meshkat
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Guo, Bing
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Zhang, Dongda
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Chen, Tao
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Pincam, Tararag
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Zarei, Mohammadamin
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Zhang, Ruosi
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Sadhukhan, Jhuma
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Zhang, Duo
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Short, Michael
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McKechnie, Jon
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Liu, Yongqiang
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Bywater, Angela
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Murali, Rohit
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Nnorom, Mac-Anthony
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Dolat, Meshkat
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Guo, Bing
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Zhang, Dongda
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Chen, Tao
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Pincam, Tararag
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Zarei, Mohammadamin
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[Unknown type: UNSPECIFIED]

Record type: UNSPECIFIED

Abstract

Amidst rising interest in biogas as a sustainable alternative to traditional energy vectors like natural gas, this study focuses on its role in achieving net-zero targets—where carbon emissions are balanced with sequestration. Biogas, derived from carbon-neutral organic waste, offers significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Life cycle assessments (LCA) are crucial for evaluating the global warming potential (GWP) of biogas, ensuring its effectiveness in offsetting fossil fuel equivalents. However, current GWP calculations lack transparency and standardization, necessitating new robust easily calculable algebraic equations. Our study introduces two complementary sets of equations, grounded in published literature and LCA databases. Despite their differing structures due to distinctive specific activities across life cycles, both sets yield closely aligned estimations, reinforcing confidence in these models. The GWP is sensitive to the feedstock type, electricity and heat consumption, and fugitive emissions. The statistical distributions show the mean GWP of 0.54 per m3 biogas, 0.09 per kWh biomethane and 0.73 per kWh electricity production rates of cradle-to-grave systems with all plausible technologies available in the database. The lowest GWP meets the UK’s 50 g CO2e per kWh biomethane target by 2030 for gas grid injection. The GWP in g CO2e per kg AD feedstock is 93-104 (manure), 16-26 (sludge), and 273 (grass silage), etc. The biowaste AD system reduces at 0.5-0.7 kg CO2e per kWh of electricity generated, requiring 1.5 MWh of minimum threshold electricity generation to reduce 1 tonne of CO2e.

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Published date: 1 March 2024

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 495227
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/495227
PURE UUID: 2d5969cd-4323-4c42-a25a-d4393f41be1c
ORCID for Yongqiang Liu: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-1786
ORCID for Angela Bywater: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-0316
ORCID for Tararag Pincam: ORCID iD orcid.org/0009-0009-8025-6068

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 01 Nov 2024 18:22
Last modified: 02 Nov 2024 02:59

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Contributors

Author: Ruosi Zhang
Author: Jhuma Sadhukhan
Author: Duo Zhang
Author: Michael Short
Author: Jon McKechnie
Author: Yongqiang Liu ORCID iD
Author: Angela Bywater ORCID iD
Author: Rohit Murali
Author: Mac-Anthony Nnorom
Author: Meshkat Dolat
Author: Bing Guo
Author: Dongda Zhang
Author: Tao Chen
Author: Tararag Pincam ORCID iD
Author: Mohammadamin Zarei

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