Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for research on ADHD pharmacotherapy: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Objectives: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that ADHD medications significantly reduce symptomatology at a group level, but individual response to ADHD medication is variable. Thus, developing prediction models to stratify treatment according to individual baseline clinicodemographic characteristics, is crucial to support clinical practice. A potential valuable source of data to develop accurate prediction models is real-world clinical data extracted from electronic healthcare records (EHRs). Yet, systematic information regarding EHRs data on ADHD is lacking.

Methods: we conducted a comprehensive review of studies that included EHR reporting data regarding individuals with ADHD, with a specific focus on treatment-related data. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Ovid and Web of Science databases up to 24th February 2024.

Results: we identified 103 studies reporting EHR data for individuals with ADHD. Among these, 83 studies provided information on the type of prescribed medication. However, dosage, duration of treatment and ADHD symptom ratings before and after treatment initiation were only reported by a minority of studies.

Conclusion: this review supports the potential use of EHRs to develop treatment response prediction models but emphasizes the need for more comprehensive reporting of treatment-related data, such as changes in ADHD symptom ratings and other possible baseline clinical predictors of treatment response.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Sulagna Roy: orcid.org/0009-0005-6824-7266

ORCID for Valeria Parlatini: orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-2494

ORCID for Samuele Cortese: orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-8075

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