Finite-difference time-domain simulation of wave transmission through space-time-varying media

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the generalized Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical modelling of electromagnetic wave scattering from space-time-varying media. We investigate the dynamic behavior of generalized oblique and normal incidence of both TM and TE electromagnetic fields on space-time-modulated gratings. In their most general form, these gratings have electrical permittivity, magnetic permeability, and electrical conductivity modulated across both space and time. The FDTD scheme and equations for both TM and TE wave illuminations of space-time-varying slabs are provided. Additionally, intriguing illustrative examples are presented, including the nonlinear multi-beam-multi-frequency generator and linear pure beam-splitting frequency generation for generalized oblique TM wave incidence, as well as the antenna-mixer-amplifier, nonreciprocal slab, diffraction grating, and nonreciprocal beamsplitter for TE wave incidence. Through these examples, we showcase the versatility and potential applications of space-time-varying microwave components in modern communication systems, and quantum technologies.

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ORCID for Sajjad Taravati: orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-0050

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