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Investigating the physiological ecology of mesopelagic zooplankton in the Scotia sea (Southern ocean) using lipid and stable isotope signatures

Investigating the physiological ecology of mesopelagic zooplankton in the Scotia sea (Southern ocean) using lipid and stable isotope signatures
Investigating the physiological ecology of mesopelagic zooplankton in the Scotia sea (Southern ocean) using lipid and stable isotope signatures
The mesopelagic zooplankton community plays an important role in the cycling and sequestration of carbon via the biological pump. However, little is known about the physiology and ecology of key taxa found within this region, hindering our understanding of their influence on the pathways of energy and organic matter cycling. We sampled the eight most abundant zooplankton (Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas, Paraeuchaeta spp., Chaetognatha, Euphausia triacantha, Thysanoessa spp., Themisto gaudichaudii and Salpa thompsoni) from within the mesopelagic zone in the Scotia Sea during a sinking diatom bloom and investigated their physiological ecology using lipid biomarkers and stable isotopic signatures of nitrogen. Data suggest that the large calanoid copepods, C. acutus and R. gigas, were in, or emerging from, a period of metabolic inactivity during the study period (November 15th – December 15th, 2017). Abundant, but decreasing lipid reserves in the predominantly herbivorous calanoid copepods, suggest these animals may have been metabolising previously stored lipids at the time of sampling, rather than deriving energy solely from the diatom bloom. This highlights the importance of understanding the timing of diapause of overwintering species as their feeding is likely to have an impact on the turnover of particulate organic matter (POM) in the upper mesopelagic. The δ15N signatures of POM became enriched with increasing depth, whereas all species of zooplankton except T. gaudichaudii did not. This suggests that animals were feeding on fresher, surface-derived POM, rather than reworked particles at depth, likely influencing the quantity and quality of organic matter leaving the upper mesopelagic. Our study highlights the complexity of mesopelagic food webs and suggests that the application of broad trophic functional types may lead to an incorrect understanding of ecosystem dynamics.
Copepods, Amphipods, Euphausiids, Salps, Chaetognatha, Trophic interactions, Fatty acids, South Georgia, Twilight Zone
0967-0637
Savineau, Eloïse Linda-Roselyne
c85a2813-741b-4ece-8f7c-b6abd2d7c2be
Cook, Kathryn B.
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Blackbird, Sabena J.
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Stowasser, Gabriele
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Kiriakoulakis, Kostadinos
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Preece, Calum
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Fielding, Sophie
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Belcher, Anna C.
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Wolff, George A.
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Tarling, Geraint A.
b5ded7dc-9880-4315-a50f-e7bbdbfe7458
Mayor, Daniel J.
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Savineau, Eloïse Linda-Roselyne
c85a2813-741b-4ece-8f7c-b6abd2d7c2be
Cook, Kathryn B.
6ce2af10-730a-4789-99ff-96196aea064e
Blackbird, Sabena J.
5a8d5251-6f5d-4d53-b03b-0466262ae8b8
Stowasser, Gabriele
25264b52-d1cb-4ab3-abe6-5a383e3f90b5
Kiriakoulakis, Kostadinos
25fd8ce6-aa88-4c5b-8a8d-26393b290ea2
Preece, Calum
29db0819-fbd0-44f2-9df4-0b3f355a5aea
Fielding, Sophie
2f133698-3d24-4f86-b700-1e5a5224c463
Belcher, Anna C.
cd69bcb2-aa13-4518-afb8-e9a5e566d174
Wolff, George A.
44ab4d16-0fa4-4fee-ace3-2dbd8e216186
Tarling, Geraint A.
b5ded7dc-9880-4315-a50f-e7bbdbfe7458
Mayor, Daniel J.
58c07729-227e-4fec-a484-f4a2c8deaa5c

Savineau, Eloïse Linda-Roselyne, Cook, Kathryn B., Blackbird, Sabena J., Stowasser, Gabriele, Kiriakoulakis, Kostadinos, Preece, Calum, Fielding, Sophie, Belcher, Anna C., Wolff, George A., Tarling, Geraint A. and Mayor, Daniel J. (2024) Investigating the physiological ecology of mesopelagic zooplankton in the Scotia sea (Southern ocean) using lipid and stable isotope signatures. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 208, [104317]. (doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104317).

Record type: Article

Abstract

The mesopelagic zooplankton community plays an important role in the cycling and sequestration of carbon via the biological pump. However, little is known about the physiology and ecology of key taxa found within this region, hindering our understanding of their influence on the pathways of energy and organic matter cycling. We sampled the eight most abundant zooplankton (Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas, Paraeuchaeta spp., Chaetognatha, Euphausia triacantha, Thysanoessa spp., Themisto gaudichaudii and Salpa thompsoni) from within the mesopelagic zone in the Scotia Sea during a sinking diatom bloom and investigated their physiological ecology using lipid biomarkers and stable isotopic signatures of nitrogen. Data suggest that the large calanoid copepods, C. acutus and R. gigas, were in, or emerging from, a period of metabolic inactivity during the study period (November 15th – December 15th, 2017). Abundant, but decreasing lipid reserves in the predominantly herbivorous calanoid copepods, suggest these animals may have been metabolising previously stored lipids at the time of sampling, rather than deriving energy solely from the diatom bloom. This highlights the importance of understanding the timing of diapause of overwintering species as their feeding is likely to have an impact on the turnover of particulate organic matter (POM) in the upper mesopelagic. The δ15N signatures of POM became enriched with increasing depth, whereas all species of zooplankton except T. gaudichaudii did not. This suggests that animals were feeding on fresher, surface-derived POM, rather than reworked particles at depth, likely influencing the quantity and quality of organic matter leaving the upper mesopelagic. Our study highlights the complexity of mesopelagic food webs and suggests that the application of broad trophic functional types may lead to an incorrect understanding of ecosystem dynamics.

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Accepted/In Press date: 2 May 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 7 May 2024
Published date: 11 May 2024
Keywords: Copepods, Amphipods, Euphausiids, Salps, Chaetognatha, Trophic interactions, Fatty acids, South Georgia, Twilight Zone

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 495651
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/495651
ISSN: 0967-0637
PURE UUID: 05c57930-f1e3-4fe9-bcdd-1027333e95d5
ORCID for Eloïse Linda-Roselyne Savineau: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2038-2010

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Date deposited: 20 Nov 2024 17:34
Last modified: 21 Nov 2024 03:01

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Contributors

Author: Kathryn B. Cook
Author: Sabena J. Blackbird
Author: Gabriele Stowasser
Author: Kostadinos Kiriakoulakis
Author: Calum Preece
Author: Sophie Fielding
Author: Anna C. Belcher
Author: George A. Wolff
Author: Geraint A. Tarling
Author: Daniel J. Mayor

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