Decarbonization roadmap for the domestic fleet of the Republic of Korea

Park, Han-Seon, Park, Chybyung and Kim, Boram , et al. (2024) Decarbonization roadmap for the domestic fleet of the Republic of Korea World Maritime University 153pp.

Abstract

The Zero Emission of Domestic Shipping in the Republic of Korea (ZED-PK) project is an ambitious initiative aimed at enhancing energy efficiency and developing a path towards zero emissions for the domestic shipping fleet in the Republic of Korea. ZED-PK encompasses a systematic and transdisciplinary approach involving multiple stakeholders. The project is structured into three phases, each dedicated to progressively advancing the decarbonization efforts within the maritime sector.

Domestic shipping is integral to the Republic of Korea’s economy, but contributes significantly to air pollution and GHG emissions. The sector’s emissions pose environmental risks, human health threats, and additional external costs, necessitating urgent measures to mitigate these impacts. This context underscores the importance of the ZED-PK project, which seeks to transform the domestic shipping fleet into a model of sustainability, thereby reducing emissions and enhancing the overall resilience of the Republic of Korea’s maritime industry.

Phase one of the ZED-PK project, which is given in this report, focuses on analysing the current state of the domestic shipping industry concerning energy efficiency and GHG emissions. The methodology includes collecting data on domestic fleet characteristics, routes, and fuel consumption. The data was used to map fuel and energy consumption patterns. An extensive literature review was conducted on global decarbonization technologies and policies, followed by expert consultations to assess the maturity and feasibility of various technologies. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of vessels of varying sizes was performed to understand emissions across their lifespans. Finally, a scenario analysis projects the future fleet performance under different fuel options.

The analysis revealed significant opportunities to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions in the domestic shipping sector. The research identified short-term measures, such as operational improvements and the adoption of existing energy-efficient technologies, which can yield immediate reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. For the medium-term and long-term, the study proposes a comprehensive roadmap that includes advanced vessel designs, integration of zero-carbon fuels like hydrogen and ammonia, and the development of supportive infrastructure. This roadmap aligns with both national and international climate goals, aiming for a 40% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2018 levels, and a 70% reduction by 2050.

The forthcoming phases of the ZED-PK project (phases two and three) will expand the scope to include the decarbonization of shipyards and ports, crucial interfaces with the domestic shipping fleet. Phase two will examine the current state of energy efficiency and emissions at ports and shipyards, proposing practical and cost-effective solutions for their decarbonization. Phase three will focus on the implementation of a Green Corridor, selecting specific ships, ports, and shipyards to pilot the recommended measures and technologies. This phase is intended to create a sustainable model that can be replicated across the maritime sector, further accelerating the Republic of Korea’s transition to a zero-emissions fleet.

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Contributors

Author: Seyedvahid Vakili

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