Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021
Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021
Background: metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally.
Aims: this study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database.
Methods: global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of DALYs was utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021.
Results: from 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0% (27.4-38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2% and 53.6%, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5%) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC.
Conclusions: there is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.
391-404
Zhou, Xiao-Dong
22803870-1f07-4355-b743-55a2b0b83419
Chen, Qin-Fen
777c2ff1-09e2-4915-8430-e518b30d65c9
Targher, Giovanni
c342ff81-5e6c-4f87-bf81-24d65e90b0de
Byrne, Chris
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
Zhou, Xiao-Dong
22803870-1f07-4355-b743-55a2b0b83419
Chen, Qin-Fen
777c2ff1-09e2-4915-8430-e518b30d65c9
Targher, Giovanni
c342ff81-5e6c-4f87-bf81-24d65e90b0de
Byrne, Chris
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
Zhou, Xiao-Dong, Chen, Qin-Fen and Targher, Giovanni
,
et al.
(2024)
Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021.
Clinical Nutrition, 43 (12), .
(doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.016).
Abstract
Background: metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally.
Aims: this study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15–39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database.
Methods: global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of DALYs was utilized to depict the trends from 1990 to 2021.
Results: from 1990 to 2021, the DALY rates attributable to all metabolic risk factors showed a globally significant upward trend, with EAPC reaching 33.0% (27.4-38.7). Compared to females, males had a heavier burden and a more significant increase in deaths and DALYs attributable to metabolic risk factors. High BMI and high FPG have become the top two metabolic risk factors in 2021, with summary exposure variables (SEV) rising by 84.2% and 53.6%, respectively. Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), middle SDI, and high SDI regions experienced upward regional trends in DALY rates, while low SDI regions remained stable. Among 204 countries and territories, 101 (49.5%) showed a significant increase in DALY rates, as indicated by the EAPC.
Conclusions: there is a substantial global burden attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults in 2021, especially high BMI and high FPG. This calls for further investigation and intervention to address this emerging trend.
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Accepted/In Press date: 8 November 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 14 November 2024
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Local EPrints ID: 496339
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/496339
ISSN: 0261-5614
PURE UUID: e1b94f59-dba2-4d33-8adb-b4c88aa9e9e6
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Date deposited: 12 Dec 2024 17:32
Last modified: 13 Dec 2024 02:36
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Author:
Xiao-Dong Zhou
Author:
Qin-Fen Chen
Author:
Giovanni Targher
Corporate Author: et al.
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