The association between the timing, intensity and magnitude of adolescent growth and body composition in early adulthood

Nyati, Lukhanyo H., Pettifor, John M., Ong, Ken K. and Norris, Shane A. (2023) The association between the timing, intensity and magnitude of adolescent growth and body composition in early adulthood. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 995-1004. (doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01293-9).

Abstract

Objectives
There’s paucity of longitudinal studies assessing the role of adolescent growth on adult body composition in developing countries. The aims of this study were to assess the association between adolescent change in height, weight and BMI and early adult height, weight, body fat and lean mass.

Methods
Magnitude, timing and intensity of height, weight and BMI growth were modelled for participants from the Birth to Thirty (Bt30) cohort (7–23 years). Early adult height, weight, BMI and DXA-derived body composition were obtained 1881 black participants (21–24 years). Linear regression analyses were used to assess associations.

Results
Adolescents with an earlier onset of puberty were heavier in childhood and had an earlier timing and faster weight gain velocity in late adolescence. The intensity of adolescent weight gain was positively associated with adult BMI and fat mass index (FMI) in females. Early timing of adolescent BMI gain was associated with increased weight and BMI in adult females and FMI in adult males. Achieving peak weight velocity around age at peak height velocity was associated with lower BMI and fat mass in both sexes.

Conclusion
This study confirms the adverse consequences of excessive weight gain prior to puberty, which is associated with an earlier and faster resurgence in weight gain velocity in early adulthood. Factors that contribute to an asynchronous timing of ages of peak weight and peak height velocities may accentuate the risk of adult obesity.

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Contributors

Author: Shane A. Norris

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