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Pretrained language models for semantics-aware data harmonisation of observational clinical studies in the era of big data

Pretrained language models for semantics-aware data harmonisation of observational clinical studies in the era of big data
Pretrained language models for semantics-aware data harmonisation of observational clinical studies in the era of big data
Background In clinical research, there is a strong drive to leverage big data from population cohort studies and routine electronic healthcare records to design new interventions, improve health outcomes and increase efficiency of healthcare delivery. Yet, realising these potential demands requires substantial efforts in harmonising source datasets and curating study data, which currently relies on costly and time-consuming manual and labour-intensive methods.

Objectives We evaluate the applicability of AI methods for natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to the challenges of big data semantic harmonisation and curation. Our aim is to establish an efficient and robust technological foundation for the development of automated tools supporting data curation of large clinical datasets.

Methods We assess NLP and unsupervised ML algorithms and propose two pipelines for automated semantic harmonisation: a pipeline for semantics-aware search for domain relevant variables and a pipeline for clustering of semantically similar variables. We evaluate pipeline performance using 94,037 textual variable descriptions from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) database.

Results We observe high accuracy of our Semantic Search pipeline with an AUC of 0.899 (SD=0.056). Our Semantic Clustering pipeline achieves a V-measure of 0.237 (SD=0.157), which is on par with leading implementations in other relevant domains. Automation can significantly accelerate the process of dataset harmonization. Manual labelling was performed at a speed of 2.1 descriptions per minute, with our automated labelling increasing speed to 245 descriptions per minute.

Conclusions Our study findings underscore the potential of AI technologies, such as NLP and unsupervised ML, in automating the harmonisation and curation of big data for clinical research. By establishing a robust technological foundation, we pave the way for the development of automated tools that streamline the process, enabling health data scientists to leverage big data more efficiently and effectively in their studies, accelerating insights from data for clinical benefit.
medRxiv
Dylag, Jakub
419a56cd-af18-401e-bd4a-070a4d76270b
Zlatev, Zlatko
8f2e3635-d76c-46e2-85b9-53cc223fee01
Boniface, Michael
f30bfd7d-20ed-451b-b405-34e3e22fdfba
Dylag, Jakub
419a56cd-af18-401e-bd4a-070a4d76270b
Zlatev, Zlatko
8f2e3635-d76c-46e2-85b9-53cc223fee01
Boniface, Michael
f30bfd7d-20ed-451b-b405-34e3e22fdfba

[Unknown type: UNSPECIFIED]

Record type: UNSPECIFIED

Abstract

Background In clinical research, there is a strong drive to leverage big data from population cohort studies and routine electronic healthcare records to design new interventions, improve health outcomes and increase efficiency of healthcare delivery. Yet, realising these potential demands requires substantial efforts in harmonising source datasets and curating study data, which currently relies on costly and time-consuming manual and labour-intensive methods.

Objectives We evaluate the applicability of AI methods for natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised machine learning (ML) to the challenges of big data semantic harmonisation and curation. Our aim is to establish an efficient and robust technological foundation for the development of automated tools supporting data curation of large clinical datasets.

Methods We assess NLP and unsupervised ML algorithms and propose two pipelines for automated semantic harmonisation: a pipeline for semantics-aware search for domain relevant variables and a pipeline for clustering of semantically similar variables. We evaluate pipeline performance using 94,037 textual variable descriptions from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) database.

Results We observe high accuracy of our Semantic Search pipeline with an AUC of 0.899 (SD=0.056). Our Semantic Clustering pipeline achieves a V-measure of 0.237 (SD=0.157), which is on par with leading implementations in other relevant domains. Automation can significantly accelerate the process of dataset harmonization. Manual labelling was performed at a speed of 2.1 descriptions per minute, with our automated labelling increasing speed to 245 descriptions per minute.

Conclusions Our study findings underscore the potential of AI technologies, such as NLP and unsupervised ML, in automating the harmonisation and curation of big data for clinical research. By establishing a robust technological foundation, we pave the way for the development of automated tools that streamline the process, enabling health data scientists to leverage big data more efficiently and effectively in their studies, accelerating insights from data for clinical benefit.

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More information

Submitted date: 12 July 2024

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 496650
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/496650
PURE UUID: fb20f075-3c69-4e45-8626-ca2583136bf0
ORCID for Jakub Dylag: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-7339
ORCID for Michael Boniface: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-6095

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 07 Jan 2025 18:49
Last modified: 10 Jan 2025 03:18

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Contributors

Author: Jakub Dylag ORCID iD
Author: Zlatko Zlatev

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