The relationships between socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women
The relationships between socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women
Background: this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity level with body mass index of urban South African young women.
Methods: data were collected on 160 black South African women (aged 18–24 years) and included household SES, food frequency and nutritional knowledge questionnaires, self-reported physical activity and anthropometry. To assess household SES index, 1–7 assets were categorised as a lower household SES and those with 8–13 assets as a higher household SES. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect and total effects on adiposity of household SES, age, education, nutrition knowledge score, dietary patterns and physical activity.
Results: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar among women from high SES households compared with their low SES peers (48.4 vs. 44.8%). More than half (53%) of the women had poor dietary knowledge. Women from low SES households spent more time in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (MVPA) compared with their high SES counterparts. Two distinct dietary patterns (Western and mixed) were identified. SEM results show that a unit increase in adherence to the ‘Mixed’ dietary pattern compared with ‘Western’ was associated with a 0.81 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −1.54; −0.08), while ≥ 150 minutes’ MVPA per week was associated with a 1.94 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −3.48; −0.41).
Conclusion: the associations of SES, diet and physical activity on BMI must be taken into account when developing and designing interventions that target improvement in young women’s health.
56-62
Mukoma, Gudani
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Wrottesley, Stephanie V.
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Kagura, Juliana
f073669d-6128-4847-a825-725112f4cf25
Oni, Tolu
d35e5c79-0af8-458f-b770-7a68058e767f
Micklesfield, Lisa
4c625289-a9ed-47e1-8dec-a1d445481206
Norris, Shane A.
1d346f1b-6d5f-4bca-ac87-7589851b75a4
6 June 2022
Mukoma, Gudani
21e16380-4a30-4401-a9f2-2f64d89dd11b
Wrottesley, Stephanie V.
9c93c674-7f64-413d-b05e-f1c5db19c31a
Kagura, Juliana
f073669d-6128-4847-a825-725112f4cf25
Oni, Tolu
d35e5c79-0af8-458f-b770-7a68058e767f
Micklesfield, Lisa
4c625289-a9ed-47e1-8dec-a1d445481206
Norris, Shane A.
1d346f1b-6d5f-4bca-ac87-7589851b75a4
Mukoma, Gudani, Wrottesley, Stephanie V., Kagura, Juliana, Oni, Tolu, Micklesfield, Lisa and Norris, Shane A.
(2022)
The relationships between socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women.
South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36 (2), .
(doi:10.1080/16070658.2022.2076374).
Abstract
Background: this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity level with body mass index of urban South African young women.
Methods: data were collected on 160 black South African women (aged 18–24 years) and included household SES, food frequency and nutritional knowledge questionnaires, self-reported physical activity and anthropometry. To assess household SES index, 1–7 assets were categorised as a lower household SES and those with 8–13 assets as a higher household SES. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect and total effects on adiposity of household SES, age, education, nutrition knowledge score, dietary patterns and physical activity.
Results: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar among women from high SES households compared with their low SES peers (48.4 vs. 44.8%). More than half (53%) of the women had poor dietary knowledge. Women from low SES households spent more time in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (MVPA) compared with their high SES counterparts. Two distinct dietary patterns (Western and mixed) were identified. SEM results show that a unit increase in adherence to the ‘Mixed’ dietary pattern compared with ‘Western’ was associated with a 0.81 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −1.54; −0.08), while ≥ 150 minutes’ MVPA per week was associated with a 1.94 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −3.48; −0.41).
Conclusion: the associations of SES, diet and physical activity on BMI must be taken into account when developing and designing interventions that target improvement in young women’s health.
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The relationships between socioeconomic status dietary knowledge and patterns and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women
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Submitted date: 1 February 2022
Accepted/In Press date: 6 May 2022
Published date: 6 June 2022
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Local EPrints ID: 496957
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/496957
ISSN: 1607-0658
PURE UUID: 2bfb25ea-262d-4c34-b2d5-abef18c68c20
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Date deposited: 08 Jan 2025 15:31
Last modified: 10 Jan 2025 03:05
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Author:
Gudani Mukoma
Author:
Stephanie V. Wrottesley
Author:
Juliana Kagura
Author:
Tolu Oni
Author:
Lisa Micklesfield
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