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Preclinical models for in vitro mechanical loading of bone-derived cells

Preclinical models for in vitro mechanical loading of bone-derived cells
Preclinical models for in vitro mechanical loading of bone-derived cells
It is well established that bone responds to mechanical stimuli whereby physical forces are translated into chemical signals between cells, via mechanotransduction. It is difficult however to study the precise cellular and molecular responses using in vivo systems. In vitro loading models, which aim to replicate forces found within the bone microenvironment, make the underlying processes of mechanotransduction accessible to the researcher. Direct measurements in vivo and predictive modeling have been used to define these forces in normal physiological and pathological states. The types of mechanical stimuli present in the bone include vibration, fluid shear, substrate deformation and compressive loading, which can all be applied in vitro to monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. In monolayer, vibration can be readily applied to cultures via a low-magnitude, high-frequency loading rig. Fluid shear can be applied to cultures in multiwell plates via a simple rocking platform to engender gravitational fluid movement or via a pump to cells attached to a slide within a parallel-plate flow chamber, which may be micropatterned for use with osteocytes. Substrate strain can be applied via the vacuum-driven FlexCell system or via a four-point loading jig. 3D cultures better replicate the bone microenvironment and can also be subjected to the same forms of mechanical stimuli as monolayer, including vibration, fluid shear via perfusion flow, strain or compression. 3D cocultures that more closely replicate the bone microenvironment can be used to study the collective response of several cell types to loading. This technical review summarizes the methods for applying mechanical stimuli to bone cells in vitro.
RCUK, BBSRC, BB/I014608/1
Delaine-Smith, Robin Michael
51ae0141-c388-40e4-8078-a17476acba53
Javaheri, Behzad
e7d79bb4-2dc0-4b5d-8195-9d8efedc8bcf
Edwards, Jennifer Helen
daed689e-2a48-4154-b571-13d8b6b316c4
Vazquez, Marisol
88855925-4df9-4cba-bd06-3ffbdc3fdc41
Rumney, Robin Mark Howard
fa3de9f8-b604-44e2-9e72-3e57980ce67f
Delaine-Smith, Robin Michael
51ae0141-c388-40e4-8078-a17476acba53
Javaheri, Behzad
e7d79bb4-2dc0-4b5d-8195-9d8efedc8bcf
Edwards, Jennifer Helen
daed689e-2a48-4154-b571-13d8b6b316c4
Vazquez, Marisol
88855925-4df9-4cba-bd06-3ffbdc3fdc41
Rumney, Robin Mark Howard
fa3de9f8-b604-44e2-9e72-3e57980ce67f

Delaine-Smith, Robin Michael, Javaheri, Behzad, Edwards, Jennifer Helen, Vazquez, Marisol and Rumney, Robin Mark Howard (2015) Preclinical models for in vitro mechanical loading of bone-derived cells. BoneKEy Reports, 4. (doi:10.1038/bonekey.2015.97).

Record type: Article

Abstract

It is well established that bone responds to mechanical stimuli whereby physical forces are translated into chemical signals between cells, via mechanotransduction. It is difficult however to study the precise cellular and molecular responses using in vivo systems. In vitro loading models, which aim to replicate forces found within the bone microenvironment, make the underlying processes of mechanotransduction accessible to the researcher. Direct measurements in vivo and predictive modeling have been used to define these forces in normal physiological and pathological states. The types of mechanical stimuli present in the bone include vibration, fluid shear, substrate deformation and compressive loading, which can all be applied in vitro to monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. In monolayer, vibration can be readily applied to cultures via a low-magnitude, high-frequency loading rig. Fluid shear can be applied to cultures in multiwell plates via a simple rocking platform to engender gravitational fluid movement or via a pump to cells attached to a slide within a parallel-plate flow chamber, which may be micropatterned for use with osteocytes. Substrate strain can be applied via the vacuum-driven FlexCell system or via a four-point loading jig. 3D cultures better replicate the bone microenvironment and can also be subjected to the same forms of mechanical stimuli as monolayer, including vibration, fluid shear via perfusion flow, strain or compression. 3D cocultures that more closely replicate the bone microenvironment can be used to study the collective response of several cell types to loading. This technical review summarizes the methods for applying mechanical stimuli to bone cells in vitro.

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More information

Published date: 19 August 2015
Additional Information: Post-print is unavailable.
Keywords: RCUK, BBSRC, BB/I014608/1

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 497410
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/497410
PURE UUID: 8e5580b2-09cc-4bf7-a879-78cc254acf8a
ORCID for Robin Mark Howard Rumney: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-5962

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Date deposited: 22 Jan 2025 17:39
Last modified: 23 Jan 2025 02:48

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Contributors

Author: Robin Michael Delaine-Smith
Author: Behzad Javaheri
Author: Jennifer Helen Edwards
Author: Marisol Vazquez
Author: Robin Mark Howard Rumney ORCID iD

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