Effect of ultra-high aspect ratio wings and distributed propulsion on the viability of fully electric regional aircraft

Gilbrook, Aaron, Ma, Yiyuan and Elham, Ali (2025) Effect of ultra-high aspect ratio wings and distributed propulsion on the viability of fully electric regional aircraft. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 97 (2), 272-281. (doi:10.1108/AEAT-06-2024-0160).

Abstract

Purpose: Revolutionary advances in aircraft technology and performance are needed for fuel-efficient and sustainable next-generation air transportation. This study aims to explore the influence of integrating distributed propulsion with ultra-high aspect ratio (AR) wings (UHARW) on the realization of fully electric regional aviation. Design/methodology/approach: The strut-braced wing (SBW) configuration is advantageous for UHARW due to its additional support. A conceptual design and analysis framework for UHARW aircraft with SBW and distributed propulsion configurations is developed by enhancing and integrating several methods and tools. Based on the mission profile and top-level requirements, a fully electric regional SBW aircraft with distributed propulsion is designed and analyzed. Findings: Integrating distributed propulsion with a high AR SBW configuration in a fully electric regional aircraft results in notable energy efficiencies. The design achieves a 2.85% increase in the lift-to-drag ratio and a 2.62% reduction in drag during cruise. Sensitivity analysis indicates optimal performance with an AR up to 22, beyond which structural weight penalties diminish benefits. The aircraft’s energy efficiency improves by 9.9% during climb and 6% during cruise, highlighting the importance of propulsion integration. Practical implications: This research provides a viable framework for designing fully electric regional aircraft by integrating distributed propulsion with high AR SBW configurations. The findings provide practical guidance for enhancing energy efficiency and reducing structural weight, supporting the development of more sustainable and efficient aircraft designs. Social implications: The findings support the development of sustainable aviation technologies, potentially reducing the environmental footprint of regional air travel and contributing to global efforts toward greener transportation solutions. Originality/value: This study presents a comprehensive methodology for designing and analyzing UHARW aircraft with SBW and distributed propulsion, contributing to the feasibility assessment of fully electric regional aviation.

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