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Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm

Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm
Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm

Offspring health outcomes are often linked with epigenetic alterations triggered by maternal nutrition and intrauterine environment. Strong experimental data also link paternal preconception nutrition with pathophysiology in the offspring, but the mechanism(s) routing effects of paternal exposures remain elusive. Animal experimental models have highlighted small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as potential regulators of paternal effects. Here, we characterised the baseline sncRNA landscape of human sperm and the effect of a 6-week dietary intervention on their expression profile. This study involves sncRNAseq profiling, that was performed on a subset (n = 17) of the participants enrolled in the PREPARE trial: 9 from the control group and 8 from the intervention group. 5'tRFs, miRNAs and piRNAs were the most abundant sncRNA subtypes identified; their expression was associated with age, BMI, and sperm quality. Nutritional intervention with olive oil, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids altered expression of 3 tRFs, 15 miRNAs and 112 piRNAs, targeting genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and transposable elements in the sperm genome. PREPARE Trial registration number: ISRCTN50956936, Trial registration date: 10/02/2014.

Adult, Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage, Humans, Male, MicroRNAs/genetics, Olive Oil, RNA, Small Interfering/genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics, Spermatozoa/metabolism, Vitamin D/administration & dosage, Sperm, tRF, Diet intervention, piRNA, miRNA, Small non-coding RNA
2045-2322
Vaz, Candida
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Burton, Mark
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Kermack, Alexandra J.
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Tan, Pei Fang
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Huan, Jason
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Yoo, Tessa P.X.
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Donnelly, Kerry
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Wellstead, Susan J.
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Wang, Dennis
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Fisk, Helena L.
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Houghton, Franchesca D.
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Lewis, Sheena
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Chong, Yap Seng
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Gluckman, Peter D.
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Cheong, Ying
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Macklon, Nicholas S.
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Calder, Philip C.
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Dutta, Anindya
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Godfrey, Keith M.
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Kumar, Pankaj
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Lillycrop, Karen A.
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Karnani, Neerja
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et al.
Vaz, Candida
b7685b5d-7ddf-40f9-a5d0-b6862eb53b58
Burton, Mark
250319ad-90dc-4651-b118-d5dbe5eaafa6
Kermack, Alexandra J.
b01db302-47bf-4319-a270-4cbbf26045c8
Tan, Pei Fang
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Huan, Jason
b9eb49e2-8aec-45b2-8781-5b9591beddf0
Yoo, Tessa P.X.
6181be9a-ff6e-4973-80fe-dab6cfd86997
Donnelly, Kerry
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Wellstead, Susan J.
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Wang, Dennis
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Fisk, Helena L.
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Houghton, Franchesca D.
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Lewis, Sheena
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Chong, Yap Seng
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Gluckman, Peter D.
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Cheong, Ying
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Macklon, Nicholas S.
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Calder, Philip C.
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Dutta, Anindya
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Godfrey, Keith M.
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Kumar, Pankaj
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Lillycrop, Karen A.
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Karnani, Neerja
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Vaz, Candida, Burton, Mark and Kermack, Alexandra J. , et al. (2025) Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm. Scientific Reports, 15 (1), [7790]. (doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83653-4).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Offspring health outcomes are often linked with epigenetic alterations triggered by maternal nutrition and intrauterine environment. Strong experimental data also link paternal preconception nutrition with pathophysiology in the offspring, but the mechanism(s) routing effects of paternal exposures remain elusive. Animal experimental models have highlighted small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as potential regulators of paternal effects. Here, we characterised the baseline sncRNA landscape of human sperm and the effect of a 6-week dietary intervention on their expression profile. This study involves sncRNAseq profiling, that was performed on a subset (n = 17) of the participants enrolled in the PREPARE trial: 9 from the control group and 8 from the intervention group. 5'tRFs, miRNAs and piRNAs were the most abundant sncRNA subtypes identified; their expression was associated with age, BMI, and sperm quality. Nutritional intervention with olive oil, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids altered expression of 3 tRFs, 15 miRNAs and 112 piRNAs, targeting genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and transposable elements in the sperm genome. PREPARE Trial registration number: ISRCTN50956936, Trial registration date: 10/02/2014.

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s41598-024-83653-4 - Version of Record
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Accepted/In Press date: 16 December 2024
Published date: 5 March 2025
Keywords: Adult, Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage, Humans, Male, MicroRNAs/genetics, Olive Oil, RNA, Small Interfering/genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics, Spermatozoa/metabolism, Vitamin D/administration & dosage, Sperm, tRF, Diet intervention, piRNA, miRNA, Small non-coding RNA

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 499489
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/499489
ISSN: 2045-2322
PURE UUID: feef5fd0-6c5d-4aaf-8a0b-b99d1f22ed3f
ORCID for Mark Burton: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-8151
ORCID for Alexandra J. Kermack: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9176-9426
ORCID for Franchesca D. Houghton: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-5167-1694
ORCID for Ying Cheong: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-4597
ORCID for Philip C. Calder: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-710X
ORCID for Keith M. Godfrey: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-0618
ORCID for Karen A. Lillycrop: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-5489

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Date deposited: 21 Mar 2025 17:34
Last modified: 03 Sep 2025 01:53

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Contributors

Author: Candida Vaz
Author: Mark Burton ORCID iD
Author: Alexandra J. Kermack ORCID iD
Author: Pei Fang Tan
Author: Jason Huan
Author: Tessa P.X. Yoo
Author: Kerry Donnelly
Author: Susan J. Wellstead
Author: Dennis Wang
Author: Helena L. Fisk
Author: Sheena Lewis
Author: Yap Seng Chong
Author: Peter D. Gluckman
Author: Ying Cheong ORCID iD
Author: Nicholas S. Macklon
Author: Anindya Dutta
Author: Pankaj Kumar
Author: Neerja Karnani
Corporate Author: et al.

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