Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021
Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021
Introduction: the global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.
Methods: the total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021. The metabolic burden trends of liver cancer across regions and countries by sociodemographic index (SDI) and sex were estimated. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALYs rate were also calculated.
Results: globally, in 2021, primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG was estimated to have caused 59,970 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 20,567-104,103) and 1,540,437 DALYs (95% UI 540,922-2,677,135). The age-standardized rates of death and DALYs were 0.70 (95% UI 0.24-1.21) and 17.64 (95% UI 6.19-30.65) per 100,000 person-years. A consistent global rise in liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks was observed from 1990 to 2021, with high BMI identified as the major contributing risk factor. The highest burden of deaths and DALYs of liver cancer consistently occurred in high SDI countries, while the fastest growth trends were observed in low-middle SDI countries. The burdens of high levels of BMI and FPG were higher in men than in women.
Discussion: primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG imposes an increasingly substantial clinical burden on global public health, particularly in high SDI countries. Rapid growth trends are also found in middle SDI countries.
DALYs, death, liver cancer, metabolic risk factors
Wu, Chutian
dc2b9d47-7083-4b86-8f84-a1e6149deaa0
Targher, Giovanni
3942581a-f0ab-4c77-a129-bdeff032aff2
Byrne, Chrisopher D.
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
3 January 2025
Wu, Chutian
dc2b9d47-7083-4b86-8f84-a1e6149deaa0
Targher, Giovanni
3942581a-f0ab-4c77-a129-bdeff032aff2
Byrne, Chrisopher D.
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
et al.
(2025)
Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.
The American journal of gastroenterology, [10.14309/ajg.0000000000003288].
(doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003288).
Abstract
Introduction: the global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.
Methods: the total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021. The metabolic burden trends of liver cancer across regions and countries by sociodemographic index (SDI) and sex were estimated. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALYs rate were also calculated.
Results: globally, in 2021, primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG was estimated to have caused 59,970 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 20,567-104,103) and 1,540,437 DALYs (95% UI 540,922-2,677,135). The age-standardized rates of death and DALYs were 0.70 (95% UI 0.24-1.21) and 17.64 (95% UI 6.19-30.65) per 100,000 person-years. A consistent global rise in liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks was observed from 1990 to 2021, with high BMI identified as the major contributing risk factor. The highest burden of deaths and DALYs of liver cancer consistently occurred in high SDI countries, while the fastest growth trends were observed in low-middle SDI countries. The burdens of high levels of BMI and FPG were higher in men than in women.
Discussion: primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG imposes an increasingly substantial clinical burden on global public health, particularly in high SDI countries. Rapid growth trends are also found in middle SDI countries.
Text
draftR1-20240930_AJG_highlighted
- Accepted Manuscript
Restricted to Repository staff only until 3 January 2026.
Request a copy
Text
Figure
- Accepted Manuscript
Restricted to Repository staff only until 3 January 2026.
Request a copy
Text
Supplementary Material file
- Accepted Manuscript
Restricted to Repository staff only until 3 January 2026.
Request a copy
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 30 December 2024
e-pub ahead of print date: 3 January 2025
Published date: 3 January 2025
Keywords:
DALYs, death, liver cancer, metabolic risk factors
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 500387
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/500387
ISSN: 0002-9270
PURE UUID: e53eba6a-7146-48ba-8700-cdfd37f28f38
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 29 Apr 2025 16:31
Last modified: 30 Aug 2025 01:37
Export record
Altmetrics
Contributors
Author:
Chutian Wu
Author:
Giovanni Targher
Corporate Author: et al.
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.
View more statistics
