Non-destructive porosity measurements of 3D printed polymer by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Non-destructive porosity measurements of 3D printed polymer by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
The porosity and inhomogeneity of 3D printed polymer samples were examined using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the effects of 3D printer settings were analysed. A set of PETG samples were 3D printed by systematically varying the printer parameters, including layer thickness, nozzle diameter, filament (line) thickness, extrusion, and printing pattern. Their effective refractive indices and loss coefficients were measured and compared with those of solid PETG. Porosity was calculated from the refractive index. A diffraction feature was observed in the loss spectrum of all 3D printed samples and was used as an indication of inhomogeneity. A “sweet spot” of printer settings was found, where porosity and inhomogeneity were minimised.
Naftaly, Mira
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Savvides, Gian
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Alshareef, Fawwaz
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Flanigan, Patrick
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Lui, GianLuc
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Florescu, Marian
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Mullen, Ruth Ann
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17 January 2022
Naftaly, Mira
fac13ced-c730-4e13-9e81-209a04cd2127
Savvides, Gian
962be519-eaa3-4a91-a571-da69c8f4f7ff
Alshareef, Fawwaz
3958095e-583e-496d-a462-515c5730db6d
Flanigan, Patrick
f1d29158-4686-4487-986b-9557860f0f9e
Lui, GianLuc
39b3788f-a47e-451f-a337-e8f43747bcc5
Florescu, Marian
14b7415d-9dc6-4ebe-a125-289e47648c65
Mullen, Ruth Ann
b5f4a682-c750-45e1-ab80-9b0f1b996699
Naftaly, Mira, Savvides, Gian, Alshareef, Fawwaz, Flanigan, Patrick, Lui, GianLuc, Florescu, Marian and Mullen, Ruth Ann
(2022)
Non-destructive porosity measurements of 3D printed polymer by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12 (2), [927].
(doi:10.3390/app12020927).
Abstract
The porosity and inhomogeneity of 3D printed polymer samples were examined using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the effects of 3D printer settings were analysed. A set of PETG samples were 3D printed by systematically varying the printer parameters, including layer thickness, nozzle diameter, filament (line) thickness, extrusion, and printing pattern. Their effective refractive indices and loss coefficients were measured and compared with those of solid PETG. Porosity was calculated from the refractive index. A diffraction feature was observed in the loss spectrum of all 3D printed samples and was used as an indication of inhomogeneity. A “sweet spot” of printer settings was found, where porosity and inhomogeneity were minimised.
Text
applsci-12-00927
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Accepted/In Press date: 14 January 2022
Published date: 17 January 2022
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 501533
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/501533
ISSN: 2076-3417
PURE UUID: f8a6f280-60a9-408c-9c7f-0f058c862564
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Date deposited: 03 Jun 2025 16:54
Last modified: 22 Aug 2025 02:46
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Contributors
Author:
Mira Naftaly
Author:
Gian Savvides
Author:
Fawwaz Alshareef
Author:
Patrick Flanigan
Author:
GianLuc Lui
Author:
Marian Florescu
Author:
Ruth Ann Mullen
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