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Cognitive therapy for moral injury in post-traumatic stress disorder: integrating religious beliefs and practices

Cognitive therapy for moral injury in post-traumatic stress disorder: integrating religious beliefs and practices
Cognitive therapy for moral injury in post-traumatic stress disorder: integrating religious beliefs and practices

Moral injury is the profound psychological distress that can arise from exposure to extreme events that violate an individual's moral or ethical code; for example, participating in, witnessing, or being subjected to behaviours that harm, betray or fail to help others. Given that the experience of moral transgression is inherent to moral injury-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is important to consider patients' religious beliefs and formulate how these may interact with their distress. In this article we describe how to adapt cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) to treat patients presenting with moral injury-related PTSD, who identify as religious. Anonymised case examples are presented to illustrate how to adapt CT-PTSD to integrate patient's religious beliefs and address moral conflicts and transgressions. Practical and reflective considerations are also discussed, including how a therapist's personal beliefs may interact with how they position themselves in the work.

PTSD, cognitive behavioural therapy, moral injury, moral transgression, religion, spirituality
1754-470X
Wakelin, Katherine E.
0b1d4e39-377b-4a79-be7c-dabc21a4bcfa
El-Leithy, Sharif
55032ae9-b676-40cb-b5f5-914ab6a8f3ad
Wakelin, Katherine E.
0b1d4e39-377b-4a79-be7c-dabc21a4bcfa
El-Leithy, Sharif
55032ae9-b676-40cb-b5f5-914ab6a8f3ad

Wakelin, Katherine E. and El-Leithy, Sharif (2025) Cognitive therapy for moral injury in post-traumatic stress disorder: integrating religious beliefs and practices. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 18, [e2]. (doi:10.1017/S1754470X24000436).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Moral injury is the profound psychological distress that can arise from exposure to extreme events that violate an individual's moral or ethical code; for example, participating in, witnessing, or being subjected to behaviours that harm, betray or fail to help others. Given that the experience of moral transgression is inherent to moral injury-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is important to consider patients' religious beliefs and formulate how these may interact with their distress. In this article we describe how to adapt cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) to treat patients presenting with moral injury-related PTSD, who identify as religious. Anonymised case examples are presented to illustrate how to adapt CT-PTSD to integrate patient's religious beliefs and address moral conflicts and transgressions. Practical and reflective considerations are also discussed, including how a therapist's personal beliefs may interact with how they position themselves in the work.

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e-pub ahead of print date: 9 January 2025
Keywords: PTSD, cognitive behavioural therapy, moral injury, moral transgression, religion, spirituality

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 501758
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/501758
ISSN: 1754-470X
PURE UUID: 4e2a4e40-30df-44c1-b2bc-20a4f9a99b83
ORCID for Katherine E. Wakelin: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-9233

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Date deposited: 09 Jun 2025 18:04
Last modified: 22 Aug 2025 02:49

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Contributors

Author: Katherine E. Wakelin ORCID iD
Author: Sharif El-Leithy

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