READ ME File For 'Dataset to support the thesis ‘A laboratory acoustic study of fluid and ice saturation effects in sands' Dataset DOI: 10.5258/SOTON/D3544 Date that the file was created: June, 2025 ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- ReadMe Author: HANIF SUTIYOSO, ANGUS BEST, TIM MINSHULL, SOURAV SAHOO, LAURENCE NORTH, University of Southampton Date of data collection: 2021-2024 Information about geographic location of data collection: Laboratory-based data collection Related projects: Funding of acoustic pulse tube (UK NERC Grant NE/J020753/1). NOC RISC funding (Project No. P11828, supporting Sahoo). -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- Licenses/restrictions placed on the data, or limitations of reuse: Dataset available under a CC-BY license. This dataset supports the thesis: AUTHOR: Hanif Santyabudhi Sutiyoso TITLE: A laboratory acoustic study of fluid and ice saturation effects in sands Links/relationships to ancillary or related data sets: https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D3544 -------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW -------------------- This dataset contains: This dataset contains raw acoustic measurement files collected from various jacket and sample types. Directory names follow the format: T[experiment number]_[jacket type]_[sample type]. Jacket types: rub = rubber, and PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride. Sample types: nylon (used for calibration), sand (under dry, water-saturated, and ice-bearing/melting conditions), and water Measurement files were recorded using two hydrophones: Hydrophone 1 (denoted as C1) and Hydrophone 2 (denoted as C2). File names also indicate the sample type or may be labeled as empty for empty pulse tube measurements used in processing. Metadata files are included, describing the experimental conditions corresponding to each dataset. Relationship between files, if important for context: Data folders: Contain raw pulse tube measurements. Processing code folder: Contains MATLAB scripts used to process the data. The code includes annotations for clarity and ease of understanding. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: This dataset comprises measurements of P-wave velocity and attenuation (1/Q) for water-saturated and ice-bearing sand packs, with varying water and ice saturation levels (during controlled melting for ice-bearing samples). Measurements were conducted using a 4.5 m water-filled acoustic pulse tube, operating in the sonic frequency range (1–20 kHz, centered at 10 kHz). Experiments were conducted under various effective pressures with atmospheric pore pressure. Experiments were performed in the Pulse Tube Laboratories at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Southampton, led by Hanif Sutiyoso (University of Southampton). The aim was to address the lack of sonic-frequency data on unconsolidated water-saturated sediments and ice-bearing sediments/permafrost, particularly under thawing conditions. This dataset is particularly useful for characterizing subsurface conditions and monitoring thawing permafrost. It aligns closely with sonic well-logging field data and is relevant for environmental monitoring and geophysical research. Related publications: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13607 https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030465 Methods for processing the data: Processing involved: - Measuring time-series acoustic signals from samples inside the pulse tube. - Applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert time-domain data to the frequency domain. - Deconvolving the signal with the chirp source to extract impulse responses. - Applying nonlinear inversion to minimize an objective function derived from initial time-domain estimates, leading to the computation of complex velocity and attenuation (1/Q). Software- or Instrument-specific information needed to interpret the data, including software and hardware version numbers: The processing codes are in MATLAB, while the pulse tube is custom-built. Environmental/experimental conditions: Under various effective pressure, up to 10 MPa, at 4-20 degrees Celcius. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: Calibration and data validation procedures were performed and are documented at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13607. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: All of the processes were mainly done by Hanif Sutiyoso, with the supervision of Sourav Sahoo, Laurence North, and Angus Best.