Zinc–cerium and related cerium-based flow batteries: progress and challenges
Zinc–cerium and related cerium-based flow batteries: progress and challenges
The Zn–Ce flow battery (FB) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to achieve open-circuit voltages of up to 2.5 V, which surpasses any other aqueous, hybrid FB or Zn-based FB chemistry. This Zn–Ce FB was introduced in the early 2000s, building upon the proven industrial electrolysis of cerium ions for mediated organic electrosynthesis and specialist oxidative cleaning together with the classical use of zinc in discharging battery anodes. The half-cell reactions involve the Ce3+/Ce4+and Zn/Zn2+redox couples at the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Electrode kinetics, electrode materials, and electrolyte compositions, including mixed acids, have been studied. Lately, hydrodynamic simulations of the positive half-cell and life-cycle analysis have been performed, in addition to more extended charge/discharge cycling. Scale-up tests have involved 0.25 m2membrane-divided cells with composite carbon high-density-polyethylene bipolar electrodes coated with Ti and Pt by physical vapor deposition and a discharge power density of 2 kW m−2. In view of the moderate cost of cerium, variants have been developed to complement the positive electrode reaction, resulting in V–Ce and Ti–Ce FBs, H2–Ce half-fuel cells, and, more recently, novel chemistries based on inorganic and organic Ce complexes. Recommended R & D studies to further research knowledge and aid industrial development are highlighted.
Anion-exchange membrane, Balance problem, Cation-exchange membrane, Electrodeposition, Hybrid flow battery, Hydrogen, Lanthanide, Mass transfer, Methanesulfonic acid, Pressure drop, Rare earth
819-835
Arenas, Luis F.
6e7e3d10-2aab-4fc3-a6d4-63a6614d0403
Walsh, Frank C.
309528e7-062e-439b-af40-9309bc91efb2
Ponce de León, Carlos
508a312e-75ff-4bcb-9151-dacc424d755c
6 January 2023
Arenas, Luis F.
6e7e3d10-2aab-4fc3-a6d4-63a6614d0403
Walsh, Frank C.
309528e7-062e-439b-af40-9309bc91efb2
Ponce de León, Carlos
508a312e-75ff-4bcb-9151-dacc424d755c
Arenas, Luis F., Walsh, Frank C. and Ponce de León, Carlos
(2023)
Zinc–cerium and related cerium-based flow batteries: progress and challenges.
In,
Flow Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications: Volume 1, 2 and 3.
Wiley, .
(doi:10.1002/9783527832767.ch36).
Record type:
Book Section
Abstract
The Zn–Ce flow battery (FB) has drawn considerable attention due to its ability to achieve open-circuit voltages of up to 2.5 V, which surpasses any other aqueous, hybrid FB or Zn-based FB chemistry. This Zn–Ce FB was introduced in the early 2000s, building upon the proven industrial electrolysis of cerium ions for mediated organic electrosynthesis and specialist oxidative cleaning together with the classical use of zinc in discharging battery anodes. The half-cell reactions involve the Ce3+/Ce4+and Zn/Zn2+redox couples at the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Electrode kinetics, electrode materials, and electrolyte compositions, including mixed acids, have been studied. Lately, hydrodynamic simulations of the positive half-cell and life-cycle analysis have been performed, in addition to more extended charge/discharge cycling. Scale-up tests have involved 0.25 m2membrane-divided cells with composite carbon high-density-polyethylene bipolar electrodes coated with Ti and Pt by physical vapor deposition and a discharge power density of 2 kW m−2. In view of the moderate cost of cerium, variants have been developed to complement the positive electrode reaction, resulting in V–Ce and Ti–Ce FBs, H2–Ce half-fuel cells, and, more recently, novel chemistries based on inorganic and organic Ce complexes. Recommended R & D studies to further research knowledge and aid industrial development are highlighted.
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Published date: 6 January 2023
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© 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH, Boschstraße 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
Keywords:
Anion-exchange membrane, Balance problem, Cation-exchange membrane, Electrodeposition, Hybrid flow battery, Hydrogen, Lanthanide, Mass transfer, Methanesulfonic acid, Pressure drop, Rare earth
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Local EPrints ID: 501984
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/501984
PURE UUID: 5d7fd963-cb42-4604-964f-64c67a54840c
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Date deposited: 12 Jun 2025 17:23
Last modified: 13 Jun 2025 01:55
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