A critical review of sampling, extraction and analysis methods for tyre and road wear particles
A critical review of sampling, extraction and analysis methods for tyre and road wear particles
Tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) have become an increasing contamination concern because of their extensive distribution in the environment. A comprehensive overview of the methods for sampling, treatment and analysis of environmental samples for TRWPs (and their benefits and limitations) is lacking. We evaluate and critically assess the sampling, treatment and analysis methods previously reported for water, air, road dust and sediment/soil samples. We suggest research frameworks for studying TRWPs in these media. Microscopy and thermal analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (with energy dispersive X-ray analysis), environmental scanning electron microscopy, 2-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in the case of complex samples, are optimal methods for determination of the number and mass of TRWPs. Issues for further investigation and analysis recommendations are provided.
Tyre and road wear particles, Sampling, Treatment, Analysis, Review
Tariq, Zainab
b099d343-2a8b-427b-9f13-6039c0d49eb7
Williams, Ian
c9d674ac-ee69-4937-ab43-17e716266e22
Cundy, Andy
994fdc96-2dce-40f4-b74b-dc638286eb08
Zapata Restrepo, Lina Maria
c8f58593-e1d1-43a2-b309-f008e32fb517
15 July 2025
Tariq, Zainab
b099d343-2a8b-427b-9f13-6039c0d49eb7
Williams, Ian
c9d674ac-ee69-4937-ab43-17e716266e22
Cundy, Andy
994fdc96-2dce-40f4-b74b-dc638286eb08
Zapata Restrepo, Lina Maria
c8f58593-e1d1-43a2-b309-f008e32fb517
Tariq, Zainab, Williams, Ian, Cundy, Andy and Zapata Restrepo, Lina Maria
(2025)
A critical review of sampling, extraction and analysis methods for tyre and road wear particles.
Environmental Pollution, 377, [126440].
(doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126440).
Abstract
Tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) have become an increasing contamination concern because of their extensive distribution in the environment. A comprehensive overview of the methods for sampling, treatment and analysis of environmental samples for TRWPs (and their benefits and limitations) is lacking. We evaluate and critically assess the sampling, treatment and analysis methods previously reported for water, air, road dust and sediment/soil samples. We suggest research frameworks for studying TRWPs in these media. Microscopy and thermal analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (with energy dispersive X-ray analysis), environmental scanning electron microscopy, 2-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in the case of complex samples, are optimal methods for determination of the number and mass of TRWPs. Issues for further investigation and analysis recommendations are provided.
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e-pub ahead of print date: 13 May 2025
Published date: 15 July 2025
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© 2025 The Authors
Keywords:
Tyre and road wear particles, Sampling, Treatment, Analysis, Review
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Local EPrints ID: 502036
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/502036
ISSN: 0269-7491
PURE UUID: f5eecad4-1f34-4530-a5ef-688c4368d3c1
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Date deposited: 13 Jun 2025 17:24
Last modified: 22 Aug 2025 02:33
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Author:
Lina Maria Zapata Restrepo
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