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Probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and their hosts from scaling relations pairwise residuals: dominance of stellar velocity dispersion and host halo mass

Probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and their hosts from scaling relations pairwise residuals: dominance of stellar velocity dispersion and host halo mass
Probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and their hosts from scaling relations pairwise residuals: dominance of stellar velocity dispersion and host halo mass
The correlations between Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies still defy our understanding from both the observational and theoretical perspectives. Here we perform pairwise residual analysis on the latest sample of local inactive galaxies with a uniform calibration of their photometric properties and with dynamically measured masses of their central SMBHs. The residuals reveal that stellar velocity dispersion \sigma and, possibly host dark matter halo mass M_{\rm halo}, appear as the galactic properties most correlated with SMBH mass, with a secondary (weaker) correlation with spheroidal (bulge) mass M_{\rm sph}, as also corroborated by additional Machine Learning tests. These findings may favour energetic/kinetic feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) as the main driver in shaping SMBH scaling relations. Two state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations, inclusive of kinetic AGN feedback, are able to broadly capture the mean trends observed in the residuals, although they tend to either favour M_{\rm sph} as the most fundamental property, or generate too flat residuals. Increasing AGN feedback kinetic output does not improve the comparison with the data. In the Appendix we also show that the galaxies with dynamically measured SMBHs are biased high in \sigma at fixed luminosity with respect to the full sample of local galaxies, proving that this bias is not a byproduct of stellar mass discrepancies. Overall, our results suggest that probing the SMBH-galaxy scaling relations in terms of total stellar mass alone may induce biases, and that either current data sets are incomplete, and/or that more insightful modelling is required to fully reproduce observations.
astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO
1365-2966
Shankar, Francesco
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Bernardi, Mariangela
b142f5a1-727d-42db-842c-df77a93af98b
Roberts, Daniel
11aecf58-4f8f-4d6f-95f1-c173046ff31b
Arana-Catania, Miguel
a79a6be7-733e-4f2f-8cbd-0e2d80ba67e5
Grubenmann, Tobias
28ededcc-3025-4ee0-8a51-e608ecb112c0
Habouzit, Melanie
cd447c35-7629-4c4a-8881-424234b2759c
Smith, Amy
eb397ddd-ec2f-4019-8776-7d068ba9fb15
Marsden, Christopher
ccd1ecc8-3eb4-4699-a87e-0bfba0dd40b0
Varadarajan, Karthik Mahesh
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Tetilla, Alba Vega Alonso
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Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
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Boco, Lumen
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Farrah, Duncan
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Fu, Hao
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Haniewicz, Henryk
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Lapi, Andrea
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Lovell, Christopher C.
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Menci, Nicola
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Powell, Meredith
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Ricci, Federica
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Shankar, Francesco
b10c91e4-85cd-4394-a18a-d4f049fd9cdb
Bernardi, Mariangela
b142f5a1-727d-42db-842c-df77a93af98b
Roberts, Daniel
11aecf58-4f8f-4d6f-95f1-c173046ff31b
Arana-Catania, Miguel
a79a6be7-733e-4f2f-8cbd-0e2d80ba67e5
Grubenmann, Tobias
28ededcc-3025-4ee0-8a51-e608ecb112c0
Habouzit, Melanie
cd447c35-7629-4c4a-8881-424234b2759c
Smith, Amy
eb397ddd-ec2f-4019-8776-7d068ba9fb15
Marsden, Christopher
ccd1ecc8-3eb4-4699-a87e-0bfba0dd40b0
Varadarajan, Karthik Mahesh
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Tetilla, Alba Vega Alonso
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Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
2a37efac-4fb1-4415-8425-4dd0b0e494c4
Boco, Lumen
93c3f9ff-ba52-468f-b627-bc6cdae83e8f
Farrah, Duncan
7c029d60-a42f-4e47-b85f-17000ca8b767
Fu, Hao
09d6267e-c26d-4ac1-a653-2c5886c12b1e
Haniewicz, Henryk
fd839595-6a54-45e1-bc35-589361a8c449
Lapi, Andrea
f696d82a-d82b-451d-9285-e51df4a1b4db
Lovell, Christopher C.
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Menci, Nicola
e68473f0-6f7f-48b8-8b76-088d8752df6a
Powell, Meredith
61c9c270-8bee-4c37-9e30-7f3443d084cf
Ricci, Federica
d41cae06-35f0-4f1b-8d38-87366541c650

Shankar, Francesco, Bernardi, Mariangela, Roberts, Daniel, Arana-Catania, Miguel, Grubenmann, Tobias, Habouzit, Melanie, Smith, Amy, Marsden, Christopher, Varadarajan, Karthik Mahesh, Tetilla, Alba Vega Alonso, Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel, Boco, Lumen, Farrah, Duncan, Fu, Hao, Haniewicz, Henryk, Lapi, Andrea, Lovell, Christopher C., Menci, Nicola, Powell, Meredith and Ricci, Federica (2025) Probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and their hosts from scaling relations pairwise residuals: dominance of stellar velocity dispersion and host halo mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. (In Press)

Record type: Article

Abstract

The correlations between Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies still defy our understanding from both the observational and theoretical perspectives. Here we perform pairwise residual analysis on the latest sample of local inactive galaxies with a uniform calibration of their photometric properties and with dynamically measured masses of their central SMBHs. The residuals reveal that stellar velocity dispersion \sigma and, possibly host dark matter halo mass M_{\rm halo}, appear as the galactic properties most correlated with SMBH mass, with a secondary (weaker) correlation with spheroidal (bulge) mass M_{\rm sph}, as also corroborated by additional Machine Learning tests. These findings may favour energetic/kinetic feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) as the main driver in shaping SMBH scaling relations. Two state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations, inclusive of kinetic AGN feedback, are able to broadly capture the mean trends observed in the residuals, although they tend to either favour M_{\rm sph} as the most fundamental property, or generate too flat residuals. Increasing AGN feedback kinetic output does not improve the comparison with the data. In the Appendix we also show that the galaxies with dynamically measured SMBHs are biased high in \sigma at fixed luminosity with respect to the full sample of local galaxies, proving that this bias is not a byproduct of stellar mass discrepancies. Overall, our results suggest that probing the SMBH-galaxy scaling relations in terms of total stellar mass alone may induce biases, and that either current data sets are incomplete, and/or that more insightful modelling is required to fully reproduce observations.

Text
2505.02920v1 - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 5 May 2025
Additional Information: MNRAS, accepted, 25 pages, 13 Figures, 3 Appendices
Keywords: astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.CO

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 502488
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/502488
ISSN: 1365-2966
PURE UUID: 5b8e56cd-fb41-4f37-9ab6-9aa1b4af35c1
ORCID for Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-3066
ORCID for Alba Vega Alonso Tetilla: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-9133

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Date deposited: 27 Jun 2025 16:30
Last modified: 22 Aug 2025 02:46

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Contributors

Author: Mariangela Bernardi
Author: Daniel Roberts
Author: Miguel Arana-Catania
Author: Melanie Habouzit
Author: Amy Smith
Author: Christopher Marsden
Author: Karthik Mahesh Varadarajan ORCID iD
Author: Daniel Anglés-Alcázar
Author: Lumen Boco
Author: Duncan Farrah
Author: Hao Fu
Author: Henryk Haniewicz
Author: Andrea Lapi
Author: Christopher C. Lovell
Author: Nicola Menci
Author: Meredith Powell
Author: Federica Ricci

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