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Euclid preparation LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the simulated Euclid wide survey

Euclid preparation LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the simulated Euclid wide survey
Euclid preparation LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the simulated Euclid wide survey
Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving an increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population are happening at early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 square degrees). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z= 1.5 to 4. We discuss in particular the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness.
astro-ph.CO, Galaxies: clusters: general, Galaxies: high-redshift, Large-scale structure of Universe
0004-6361
Böhringer, H.
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Chon, G.
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Cucciati, O.
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Dannerbauer, H.
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Bolzonella, M.
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Lucia, G. De
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Cappi, A.
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Moscardini, L.
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Giocoli, C.
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Castignani, G.
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Hatch, N.A.
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Andreon, S.
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Bañados, E.
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Ettori, S.
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Fontanot, F.
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Gully, H.
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Hirschmann, M.
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Maturi, M.
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Mei, S.
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Pozzetti, L.
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Schlenker, T.
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Spinelli, M.
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Aghanim, N.
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Altieri, B.
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Auricchio, N.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Baldi, M.
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Bardelli, S.
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Bodendorf, C.
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Bonino, D.
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Branchini, E.
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Brescia, M.
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Brinchmann, J.
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Camera, S.
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Capobianco, V.
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Carbone, C.
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Carretero, J.
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Casas, S.
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Castander, F.J.
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Castellano, M.
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Cavuoti, S.
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Cimatti, A.
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Colodro-Conde, C.
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Congedo, G.
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Conselice, C.J.
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Conversi, L.
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Copin, Y.
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Courbin, F.
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Shankar, F.
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Euclid Collaboration
Böhringer, H.
c2254e9f-6d54-4f36-a7ae-06a93417e184
Chon, G.
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Cucciati, O.
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Dannerbauer, H.
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Bolzonella, M.
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Lucia, G. De
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Cappi, A.
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Moscardini, L.
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Giocoli, C.
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Castignani, G.
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Hatch, N.A.
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Andreon, S.
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Bañados, E.
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Ettori, S.
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Fontanot, F.
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Gully, H.
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Hirschmann, M.
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Maturi, M.
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Mei, S.
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Pozzetti, L.
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Schlenker, T.
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Spinelli, M.
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Aghanim, N.
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Altieri, B.
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Auricchio, N.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Baldi, M.
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Bardelli, S.
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Bodendorf, C.
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Bonino, D.
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Branchini, E.
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Brescia, M.
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Brinchmann, J.
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Camera, S.
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Capobianco, V.
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Carbone, C.
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Carretero, J.
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Casas, S.
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Castander, F.J.
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Castellano, M.
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Cavuoti, S.
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Cimatti, A.
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Colodro-Conde, C.
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Congedo, G.
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Conselice, C.J.
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Conversi, L.
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Copin, Y.
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Courbin, F.
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Shankar, F.
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Euclid Collaboration (2025) Euclid preparation LV. Exploring the properties of proto-clusters in the simulated Euclid wide survey. A&A, 693, [A59]. (doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451683).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Galaxy proto-clusters are receiving an increased interest since most of the processes shaping the structure of clusters of galaxies and their galaxy population are happening at early stages of their formation. The Euclid Survey will provide a unique opportunity to discover a large number of proto-clusters over a large fraction of the sky (14 500 square degrees). In this paper, we explore the expected observational properties of proto-clusters in the Euclid Wide Survey by means of theoretical models and simulations. We provide an overview of the predicted proto-cluster extent, galaxy density profiles, mass-richness relations, abundance, and sky-filling as a function of redshift. Useful analytical approximations for the functions of these properties are provided. The focus is on the redshift range z= 1.5 to 4. We discuss in particular the density contrast with which proto-clusters can be observed against the background in the galaxy distribution if photometric galaxy redshifts are used as supplied by the ESA Euclid mission together with the ground-based photometric surveys. We show that the obtainable detection significance is sufficient to find large numbers of interesting proto-cluster candidates. For quantitative studies, additional spectroscopic follow-up is required to confirm the proto-clusters and establish their richness.

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2407.19919v1 - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 14 October 2024
Published date: 3 January 2025
Keywords: astro-ph.CO, Galaxies: clusters: general, Galaxies: high-redshift, Large-scale structure of Universe

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 502510
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/502510
DOI: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451683
ISSN: 0004-6361
PURE UUID: 2ca71f6e-ac19-4621-b770-a96f708ee65e

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 27 Jun 2025 16:42
Last modified: 10 Sep 2025 13:47

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Contributors

Author: H. Böhringer
Author: G. Chon
Author: O. Cucciati
Author: H. Dannerbauer
Author: M. Bolzonella
Author: G. De Lucia
Author: A. Cappi
Author: L. Moscardini
Author: C. Giocoli
Author: G. Castignani
Author: N.A. Hatch
Author: S. Andreon
Author: E. Bañados
Author: S. Ettori
Author: F. Fontanot
Author: H. Gully
Author: M. Hirschmann
Author: M. Maturi
Author: S. Mei
Author: L. Pozzetti
Author: T. Schlenker
Author: M. Spinelli
Author: N. Aghanim
Author: B. Altieri
Author: N. Auricchio
Author: C. Baccigalupi
Author: M. Baldi
Author: S. Bardelli
Author: C. Bodendorf
Author: D. Bonino
Author: E. Branchini
Author: M. Brescia
Author: J. Brinchmann
Author: S. Camera
Author: V. Capobianco
Author: C. Carbone
Author: J. Carretero
Author: S. Casas
Author: F.J. Castander
Author: M. Castellano
Author: S. Cavuoti
Author: A. Cimatti
Author: C. Colodro-Conde
Author: G. Congedo
Author: C.J. Conselice
Author: L. Conversi
Author: Y. Copin
Author: F. Courbin
Author: F. Shankar
Corporate Author: Euclid Collaboration

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