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What happens to children’s mental health when we treat their parent's depression? We have no idea. An empty systematic review

What happens to children’s mental health when we treat their parent's depression? We have no idea. An empty systematic review
What happens to children’s mental health when we treat their parent's depression? We have no idea. An empty systematic review
Background: parent depression is a well-established prospective risk factor for adverse offspring mental health. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that improvements in parent depression predicts improved offspring mental health. However, no systematic review has examined the impact on offspring of psychological treatment of purely parent depression after the postnatal period.

Aims: to systematically review the literature of randomised controlled trials examining the impact on offspring mental health outcomes of psychological interventions for parental depression after the postnatal period.

Method: we pre-registered our systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42023408953), and searched the METAPSY database in April, 2023 and October, 2024, for randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions for adults with depression, which also included a child mental health or wellbeing outcome. We double screened 938 studies for inclusion using the ‘Paper in a Day’ approach. All included studies would be rated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results: we found no studies that met our inclusion criteria.

Conclusions: robust research into psychological therapy for depression in adults outside the post-natal period has failed to consider the potential benefits for those adults’ children. This is a missed clinical opportunity to evaluate the potential preventive benefits for those children at risk of adverse psychological outcomes, and a missed scientific opportunity to test mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of risk for psychopathology. Seizing the clinical and scientific opportunities would require adult-focused mental health researchers to make inexpensive additions of child mental health outcomes measures to their evaluation projects.
child mental health, intergenerational risk transmission, parent depression
1352-4658
Lawrence, Pete
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Dunn, Abby
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Agarwal, Mallika
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Bowen, Chloe
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Can, Beril
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Dean, Becca
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Elsby-Pearson, Chloe
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Heath, Georgina
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Heath, James
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Lester, Kathryn J.
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Macinnes, Ailish
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McGowan, Pippa
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Piskun, Victoria
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Simcock, Victoria
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Tata, Jenny
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Thomson, Abi
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Cartwright-Hatton, Sam
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Lawrence, Pete
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Dunn, Abby
a0ae8811-aa28-4af7-a178-3492e177b54a
Agarwal, Mallika
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Bowen, Chloe
c2008e96-737e-4196-8b7a-8080c2d63fdb
Can, Beril
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Dean, Becca
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Elsby-Pearson, Chloe
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Heath, Georgina
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Heath, James
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Lester, Kathryn J.
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Macinnes, Ailish
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McGowan, Pippa
16089b79-63c3-428d-882c-0f10b992c55a
Piskun, Victoria
f6c00328-34d9-4911-a003-c6a81e1ad61d
Simcock, Victoria
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Tata, Jenny
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Thomson, Abi
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Cartwright-Hatton, Sam
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Lawrence, Pete, Dunn, Abby, Agarwal, Mallika, Bowen, Chloe, Can, Beril, Dean, Becca, Elsby-Pearson, Chloe, Heath, Georgina, Heath, James, Lester, Kathryn J., Macinnes, Ailish, McGowan, Pippa, Piskun, Victoria, Simcock, Victoria, Tata, Jenny, Thomson, Abi and Cartwright-Hatton, Sam (2025) What happens to children’s mental health when we treat their parent's depression? We have no idea. An empty systematic review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. (doi:10.1017/S1352465825100970).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: parent depression is a well-established prospective risk factor for adverse offspring mental health. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that improvements in parent depression predicts improved offspring mental health. However, no systematic review has examined the impact on offspring of psychological treatment of purely parent depression after the postnatal period.

Aims: to systematically review the literature of randomised controlled trials examining the impact on offspring mental health outcomes of psychological interventions for parental depression after the postnatal period.

Method: we pre-registered our systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42023408953), and searched the METAPSY database in April, 2023 and October, 2024, for randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions for adults with depression, which also included a child mental health or wellbeing outcome. We double screened 938 studies for inclusion using the ‘Paper in a Day’ approach. All included studies would be rated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Results: we found no studies that met our inclusion criteria.

Conclusions: robust research into psychological therapy for depression in adults outside the post-natal period has failed to consider the potential benefits for those adults’ children. This is a missed clinical opportunity to evaluate the potential preventive benefits for those children at risk of adverse psychological outcomes, and a missed scientific opportunity to test mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of risk for psychopathology. Seizing the clinical and scientific opportunities would require adult-focused mental health researchers to make inexpensive additions of child mental health outcomes measures to their evaluation projects.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 15 April 2025
e-pub ahead of print date: 1 August 2025
Published date: 1 August 2025
Keywords: child mental health, intergenerational risk transmission, parent depression

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 502662
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/502662
ISSN: 1352-4658
PURE UUID: 9203a06d-5142-47ad-90d0-07356fdb9708
ORCID for Pete Lawrence: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-433X

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Date deposited: 03 Jul 2025 16:54
Last modified: 26 Sep 2025 01:50

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Contributors

Author: Pete Lawrence ORCID iD
Author: Abby Dunn
Author: Mallika Agarwal
Author: Chloe Bowen
Author: Beril Can
Author: Becca Dean
Author: Chloe Elsby-Pearson
Author: Georgina Heath
Author: James Heath
Author: Kathryn J. Lester
Author: Ailish Macinnes
Author: Pippa McGowan
Author: Victoria Piskun
Author: Victoria Simcock
Author: Jenny Tata
Author: Abi Thomson
Author: Sam Cartwright-Hatton

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