A new empirical approach for modelling fate and transport of Chromium bioaccumulation in irrigated crops: a water-food-pollution nexus

Abstract

fate and transport modelling of Cr discharged into the Kashaf River by leather industries in Mashhad city, Iran and the bio magnification effects on agricultural crops irrigated by the river. The accumulative concentration of Cr in tomato in the present case study from the time of planting until harvest day shows an increasing trend of up to 126 μg/L. The sensitivity analysis illustrates that the accumulated chromium ions in tomato are affected by time in growth cycle, chromium dosage in water, and total hardness of water more than any other factors. This study adopts an empirical approach by developing statistical modelling for bio-accumulated Cr in tomato during the growth period and evaluates different 3D mathematical distribution such as Polynomial, Interpolant, and Lowest models. The results demonstrate Polynomial with x and y more than four-degree model has the best efficiency for the measurement of accumulated chromium ion in tomato as per qualitative factors. The outputs in this study can be viewed in the context of water-food-pollution nexus and how the pollution discharged from the industry into the water resources can have a major impact on the safety of food that is dependent on irrigation from freshwater resources.

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ORCID for Ioannis Andrea Ieropoulos: orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-5504

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