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A sequence impedance matrix approach to current unbalance detection for grid code fulfillment

A sequence impedance matrix approach to current unbalance detection for grid code fulfillment
A sequence impedance matrix approach to current unbalance detection for grid code fulfillment

This work presents a novel method to identify the source of current unbalance during the interaction between industrial consumers and the utility. Since such unbalance yields detrimental effects over the network operation and efficiency; it must be mitigated to avoid their propagation towards the whole grid. To prevent this situation, regulations about the maximum permissible limits of unbalance are recently incorporated in grid codes. Unfortunately, in the absence of an accurate method to identify the agent inducing the unbalance; the problem, responsibility, as well as the solution, is vulnerable to misinterpretation. This situation is quite relevant, for both the consumer and the utility since imputations are subject to penalties. Prompted by this issue, we devised a method based on the computation of sequence impedance matrices. Then the underlying elements of the sequence impedance matrix will expose the occurrence of an unbalance as well as its source, which leads to a theoretically derived metric. This method is tested using real measurements of actual industrial loads connected to different voltage levels (i.e. 230 kV, 161 kV and 115 kV). The results demonstrate accuracy in the detection and identification of the cause of unbalance, considering a wide range of power consumption.

Current unbalance, detection, grid code, symmetrical components, unbalanced load, voltage unbalance
0885-8977
1640-1650
Guillen, Daniel
c07e8c31-c78a-494e-98de-69baf845afa5
Escobar, Gerardo
9d5b1954-920f-46b6-83a3-fc61eed024f2
Llamas, Armando
13b999b0-8981-41c0-bb98-a3c29ec49be8
Mayo-Maldonado, Jonathan C.
c7321b60-3130-43f4-89f4-f12ac5b2f822
Guillen, Daniel
c07e8c31-c78a-494e-98de-69baf845afa5
Escobar, Gerardo
9d5b1954-920f-46b6-83a3-fc61eed024f2
Llamas, Armando
13b999b0-8981-41c0-bb98-a3c29ec49be8
Mayo-Maldonado, Jonathan C.
c7321b60-3130-43f4-89f4-f12ac5b2f822

Guillen, Daniel, Escobar, Gerardo, Llamas, Armando and Mayo-Maldonado, Jonathan C. (2021) A sequence impedance matrix approach to current unbalance detection for grid code fulfillment. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 36 (3), 1640-1650, [9151380]. (doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3012551).

Record type: Article

Abstract

This work presents a novel method to identify the source of current unbalance during the interaction between industrial consumers and the utility. Since such unbalance yields detrimental effects over the network operation and efficiency; it must be mitigated to avoid their propagation towards the whole grid. To prevent this situation, regulations about the maximum permissible limits of unbalance are recently incorporated in grid codes. Unfortunately, in the absence of an accurate method to identify the agent inducing the unbalance; the problem, responsibility, as well as the solution, is vulnerable to misinterpretation. This situation is quite relevant, for both the consumer and the utility since imputations are subject to penalties. Prompted by this issue, we devised a method based on the computation of sequence impedance matrices. Then the underlying elements of the sequence impedance matrix will expose the occurrence of an unbalance as well as its source, which leads to a theoretically derived metric. This method is tested using real measurements of actual industrial loads connected to different voltage levels (i.e. 230 kV, 161 kV and 115 kV). The results demonstrate accuracy in the detection and identification of the cause of unbalance, considering a wide range of power consumption.

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More information

Published date: June 2021
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 1986-2012 IEEE.
Keywords: Current unbalance, detection, grid code, symmetrical components, unbalanced load, voltage unbalance

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 503438
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/503438
ISSN: 0885-8977
PURE UUID: caf5e44c-e83a-4785-a02e-60e484b4388b
ORCID for Jonathan C. Mayo-Maldonado: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-2395

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 31 Jul 2025 16:56
Last modified: 01 Aug 2025 02:18

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Contributors

Author: Daniel Guillen
Author: Gerardo Escobar
Author: Armando Llamas
Author: Jonathan C. Mayo-Maldonado ORCID iD

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