Graham, Lara V. and Blunt, Matthew D. (2024) Natural killer cells in anti-tumour immunity. In, Reference Module in Life Sciences. Elsevier. (doi:10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00060-0).
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that have an important role in anti-tumour immunity. NK cells directly lyse tumour cells and can modulate the wider immune system via cytokine and chemokine production. Regulation of NK cell function against cancer is mediated by the balance of activating and inhibitory signals transmitted through a plethora of germline-encoded non-rearranged cell surface receptors. In cancer patients, NK cells can become dysfunctional due to immunosuppressive factors within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Therapeutic strategies to boost NK cell activation against cancer and overcome immunosuppression are under intense development. In this article, we outline the regulation of NK cell function against cancer, the evidence for the control of cancer by NK cells and mechanisms by which NK cells are inhibited within the TME. Finally, we discuss recent therapeutic approaches targeting NK cells that offer the promise of improved anti-tumour responses.
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