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Combining environmental DNA data with oceanography, life history and ecology for detecting climate-induced range shifts

Combining environmental DNA data with oceanography, life history and ecology for detecting climate-induced range shifts
Combining environmental DNA data with oceanography, life history and ecology for detecting climate-induced range shifts
Aim
Tropicalisation and other climate-induced range shifts are rapidly restructuring global biodiversity patterns. The detection of range shifts is often complex and requires big-data approaches. Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring is emerging as a powerful method for assessing biodiversity changes at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. While eDNA-based methodologies continue to evolve, the impacts of species traits and eDNA dynamics are rarely measured, though they likely affect our eDNA data interpretation. Here we combine diverse methodologies to better understand processes affecting eDNA data and to elucidate how eDNA dispersal influences the interpretation of eDNA results in a tropicalisation context.

Location
Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.

Methods
We combined semi-quantitative field surveys with eDNA sampling, quantitative PCR assays of different amplicon sizes, assessment of spawning period, and oceanographic modelling. We used as a model system the range-retracting, marine gastropod Tegula gallina, which we sampled across a region that is experiencing tropicalisation.

Results
We detected eDNA of T. gallina across both its current range (i.e., occupied region) and > 250 km beyond the species' range limit (i.e., unoccupied regions). Shorter amplicons were detected more consistently than larger targeted fragments across the unoccupied regions. Tegula gallina was likely spawning at the time of eDNA collection, and oceanographic modelling revealed possible transport of eDNA (and early life-history stages) beyond the species' range limit.

Main Conclusions
Our study reveals that eDNA signals can be detected over substantial spatial scales, which can likely be explained by the interaction among spawning period, larval dispersal, and eDNA dispersal. The varying detection sensitivity of the different amplicon sizes may be due to eDNA decay during transport. Our results highlight the need for integrative approaches combining eDNA detection, life-history traits, field surveys of living organisms, and modelling to uncover the full potential of eDNA data, especially for ecological and conservation applications.
climate change, cryptic species, eDNA decay, eDNA dispersal, larval dispersal, range shifts, tropicalisation
1472-4642
Zarzyczny, Karolina Magdalena
f413d318-ce7a-4899-8502-88989b9af01a
Robidart, Julie
a9b8d49c-c1e3-4a3b-a53c-685a0f2c7f93
Fenberg, Phillip
c73918cd-98cc-41e6-a18c-bf0de4f1ace8
Forryan, Alexander
4e753ae9-7f12-495f-933a-2c5a1f554a0e
Hellberg, Michael E.
da2fb3b9-556c-4943-9520-e19524a16aaa
Williams, Suzanne T.
9c6cd5c1-adbd-41a7-9f56-752d363f8702
Paz Garcia, David
755124bb-873e-43ca-a9a1-8cb2b505e6ea
Naveira Garabato, Alberto
97c0e923-f076-4b38-b89b-938e11cea7a6
Rius, Marc
c4e88345-4b4e-4428-b4b2-37229155f68d
Zarzyczny, Karolina Magdalena
f413d318-ce7a-4899-8502-88989b9af01a
Robidart, Julie
a9b8d49c-c1e3-4a3b-a53c-685a0f2c7f93
Fenberg, Phillip
c73918cd-98cc-41e6-a18c-bf0de4f1ace8
Forryan, Alexander
4e753ae9-7f12-495f-933a-2c5a1f554a0e
Hellberg, Michael E.
da2fb3b9-556c-4943-9520-e19524a16aaa
Williams, Suzanne T.
9c6cd5c1-adbd-41a7-9f56-752d363f8702
Paz Garcia, David
755124bb-873e-43ca-a9a1-8cb2b505e6ea
Naveira Garabato, Alberto
97c0e923-f076-4b38-b89b-938e11cea7a6
Rius, Marc
c4e88345-4b4e-4428-b4b2-37229155f68d

Zarzyczny, Karolina Magdalena, Robidart, Julie, Fenberg, Phillip, Forryan, Alexander, Hellberg, Michael E., Williams, Suzanne T., Paz Garcia, David, Naveira Garabato, Alberto and Rius, Marc (2025) Combining environmental DNA data with oceanography, life history and ecology for detecting climate-induced range shifts. Diversity and Distributions, 31 (8), [e70064]. (doi:10.1111/ddi.70064).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Aim
Tropicalisation and other climate-induced range shifts are rapidly restructuring global biodiversity patterns. The detection of range shifts is often complex and requires big-data approaches. Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring is emerging as a powerful method for assessing biodiversity changes at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. While eDNA-based methodologies continue to evolve, the impacts of species traits and eDNA dynamics are rarely measured, though they likely affect our eDNA data interpretation. Here we combine diverse methodologies to better understand processes affecting eDNA data and to elucidate how eDNA dispersal influences the interpretation of eDNA results in a tropicalisation context.

Location
Baja California Peninsula, Mexico.

Methods
We combined semi-quantitative field surveys with eDNA sampling, quantitative PCR assays of different amplicon sizes, assessment of spawning period, and oceanographic modelling. We used as a model system the range-retracting, marine gastropod Tegula gallina, which we sampled across a region that is experiencing tropicalisation.

Results
We detected eDNA of T. gallina across both its current range (i.e., occupied region) and > 250 km beyond the species' range limit (i.e., unoccupied regions). Shorter amplicons were detected more consistently than larger targeted fragments across the unoccupied regions. Tegula gallina was likely spawning at the time of eDNA collection, and oceanographic modelling revealed possible transport of eDNA (and early life-history stages) beyond the species' range limit.

Main Conclusions
Our study reveals that eDNA signals can be detected over substantial spatial scales, which can likely be explained by the interaction among spawning period, larval dispersal, and eDNA dispersal. The varying detection sensitivity of the different amplicon sizes may be due to eDNA decay during transport. Our results highlight the need for integrative approaches combining eDNA detection, life-history traits, field surveys of living organisms, and modelling to uncover the full potential of eDNA data, especially for ecological and conservation applications.

Text
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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 24 July 2025
Published date: 6 August 2025
Keywords: climate change, cryptic species, eDNA decay, eDNA dispersal, larval dispersal, range shifts, tropicalisation

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 503996
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/503996
ISSN: 1472-4642
PURE UUID: 2ad6c585-397f-4f1b-89ea-0bcc5a776208
ORCID for Phillip Fenberg: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-176X
ORCID for Alberto Naveira Garabato: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-605X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 21 Aug 2025 06:38
Last modified: 23 Aug 2025 01:59

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Contributors

Author: Julie Robidart
Author: Phillip Fenberg ORCID iD
Author: Alexander Forryan
Author: Michael E. Hellberg
Author: Suzanne T. Williams
Author: David Paz Garcia
Author: Marc Rius

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