Evaluating the implementation of a ward-based training programme within an psychiatric intensive care unit using Normalisation Process Theory
Evaluating the implementation of a ward-based training programme within an psychiatric intensive care unit using Normalisation Process Theory
Background: Strong staff–patient relationships are essential for the provision of high quality care within psychiatric intensive care units. These relationships can be strengthened through staff training interventions, for example, the Safe & Secure programme. However, interventions delivered in psychiatric intensive care units are difficult to implement and sustain. Normalisation Process Theory offers a framework through which to measure how effectively new interventions are implemented in this setting.
Method: The aim of the study was to assess the implementation of a ward-based team training programme within a psychiatric intensive care unit. Following the delivery of the Safe & Secure ward-based team training programme, staff were interviewed about their experience and completed a quantitative measure of normalisation: the NoMAD. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with codes being grouped under the four constructs of Normalisation Process Theory.
Results: Staff reported being able to recognise the utility of the intervention and, qualitatively, reported seeing it as beneficial for their clinical practice. NoMAD scores were high, indicating the normalisation of the intervention. However, staff found it difficult to quantify how the intervention had improved their practice. They also reported difficulties with applying the intervention in certain circumstances. Staff expressed concerns about intervention sustainability.
Conclusions: The Safe & Secure ward-based team training programme was implemented and normalised into routine practice. The study identified areas for improvement in future deliveries of the programme. The study also provided useful information to help inform the future implementation of ward-based team trainings in psychiatric intensive care units.
Duffy, Aiden
8887e06b-faea-44f0-8cd5-f79870b3635e
Goodall, Karen
cfd3aa44-0f60-4bda-9278-c812ed24eca3
Carmichael, David
5d260cc7-e9c4-4a13-8678-355adf00d99c
Harper, Sean
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Sivyer, Katy
c9831d57-7d6b-4bb6-bb3c-770ea7f9b116
Carnelley, Kathy
02a55020-a0bc-480e-a0ff-c8fe56ee9c36
Maguire, Tess
f720bf11-2227-470f-b9bf-b323a59e176c
Newman-Taylor, Katherine
e090b9da-6ede-45d5-8a56-2e86c2dafef7
Duffy, Aiden
8887e06b-faea-44f0-8cd5-f79870b3635e
Goodall, Karen
cfd3aa44-0f60-4bda-9278-c812ed24eca3
Carmichael, David
5d260cc7-e9c4-4a13-8678-355adf00d99c
Harper, Sean
207b020c-73d9-4d60-b81b-7415971c675b
Sivyer, Katy
c9831d57-7d6b-4bb6-bb3c-770ea7f9b116
Carnelley, Kathy
02a55020-a0bc-480e-a0ff-c8fe56ee9c36
Maguire, Tess
f720bf11-2227-470f-b9bf-b323a59e176c
Newman-Taylor, Katherine
e090b9da-6ede-45d5-8a56-2e86c2dafef7
Duffy, Aiden, Goodall, Karen, Carmichael, David, Harper, Sean, Sivyer, Katy, Carnelley, Kathy, Maguire, Tess and Newman-Taylor, Katherine
(2025)
Evaluating the implementation of a ward-based training programme within an psychiatric intensive care unit using Normalisation Process Theory.
Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care.
(doi:10.20299/jpi.2025.008).
Abstract
Background: Strong staff–patient relationships are essential for the provision of high quality care within psychiatric intensive care units. These relationships can be strengthened through staff training interventions, for example, the Safe & Secure programme. However, interventions delivered in psychiatric intensive care units are difficult to implement and sustain. Normalisation Process Theory offers a framework through which to measure how effectively new interventions are implemented in this setting.
Method: The aim of the study was to assess the implementation of a ward-based team training programme within a psychiatric intensive care unit. Following the delivery of the Safe & Secure ward-based team training programme, staff were interviewed about their experience and completed a quantitative measure of normalisation: the NoMAD. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with codes being grouped under the four constructs of Normalisation Process Theory.
Results: Staff reported being able to recognise the utility of the intervention and, qualitatively, reported seeing it as beneficial for their clinical practice. NoMAD scores were high, indicating the normalisation of the intervention. However, staff found it difficult to quantify how the intervention had improved their practice. They also reported difficulties with applying the intervention in certain circumstances. Staff expressed concerns about intervention sustainability.
Conclusions: The Safe & Secure ward-based team training programme was implemented and normalised into routine practice. The study identified areas for improvement in future deliveries of the programme. The study also provided useful information to help inform the future implementation of ward-based team trainings in psychiatric intensive care units.
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e-pub ahead of print date: 27 August 2025
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Local EPrints ID: 504201
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/504201
PURE UUID: cbd10c0b-da73-4b34-a7c1-87433f524dab
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Date deposited: 29 Aug 2025 16:32
Last modified: 30 Aug 2025 02:03
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Author:
Aiden Duffy
Author:
Karen Goodall
Author:
David Carmichael
Author:
Sean Harper
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