Transients in black hole perturbation theory
Transients in black hole perturbation theory
Black hole quasinormal modes arise as eigenmodes of a non-normal Hamiltonian and consequently they do not obey orthogonality relations with respect to commonly used inner products, for example, the energy inner product. A direct consequence of this is the appearance of transient phenomena. This review summarises current developments on the topic, both in frequency- and time-domain. In particular, we discuss the appearance of i) transient plateaus: arbitrarily long-lived sums of quasinormal modes, corresponding to localised energy packets near the future horizon; ii) transient growth, with the latter either appearing in the vicinity of black hole phase transitions or in the context of higher-derivative Sobolev norms.
black hole spectroscopy, black holes, non-modal, non-normal, pseudospectra, quasinormal modes (QNMs), ringdown, transients
Besson, Jérémy
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Carballo, Javier
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Pantelidou, Christiana
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Withers, Benjamin
e510375b-c5d2-4d5f-bd68-40ace13f0ec9
25 July 2025
Besson, Jérémy
4ccd1144-1875-4eae-8658-ffa906741a3e
Carballo, Javier
6c0512bf-c1ae-4e62-9b5e-dfac07d23195
Pantelidou, Christiana
c20e6717-394f-4884-b741-d5ab233c8e27
Withers, Benjamin
e510375b-c5d2-4d5f-bd68-40ace13f0ec9
Besson, Jérémy, Carballo, Javier, Pantelidou, Christiana and Withers, Benjamin
(2025)
Transients in black hole perturbation theory.
Frontiers in Physics, 13, [1638583].
(doi:10.3389/fphy.2025.1638583).
Abstract
Black hole quasinormal modes arise as eigenmodes of a non-normal Hamiltonian and consequently they do not obey orthogonality relations with respect to commonly used inner products, for example, the energy inner product. A direct consequence of this is the appearance of transient phenomena. This review summarises current developments on the topic, both in frequency- and time-domain. In particular, we discuss the appearance of i) transient plateaus: arbitrarily long-lived sums of quasinormal modes, corresponding to localised energy packets near the future horizon; ii) transient growth, with the latter either appearing in the vicinity of black hole phase transitions or in the context of higher-derivative Sobolev norms.
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fphy-2-1638583
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Accepted/In Press date: 9 July 2025
Published date: 25 July 2025
Keywords:
black hole spectroscopy, black holes, non-modal, non-normal, pseudospectra, quasinormal modes (QNMs), ringdown, transients
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 504629
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/504629
ISSN: 0429-7725
PURE UUID: 6f6639ae-71c8-4b4c-9e75-dfa0fcbbd010
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Date deposited: 16 Sep 2025 17:02
Last modified: 17 Sep 2025 01:28
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Contributors
Author:
Jérémy Besson
Author:
Javier Carballo
Author:
Christiana Pantelidou
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