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Moral outrage predicts the virality of petitions for change on social media, but not the number of signatures they receive

Moral outrage predicts the virality of petitions for change on social media, but not the number of signatures they receive
Moral outrage predicts the virality of petitions for change on social media, but not the number of signatures they receive

Social media is a powerful tool for activists to share their perspectives, but concerns persist that the viral spread of online moral outrage may undermine collective causes in some ways. Analyzing posts on X (n = 1,286,442) with URLs to petitions on www.change.org (n = 24,785), we found that expressions of outrage were uniquely associated with the number of times posts were liked and reposted (virality). Mediation analyses showed that outrage was indirectly related to the number of signatures petitions received (via virality). However, outrage was associated with fewer signatures when controlling for virality. In contrast, expressions of agency, group identity, and prosociality were associated with more signatures but no more virality. The findings outline the factors linked to engagement with online petitions and describe how social media can amplify content which has no direct link to the sorts of effortful behaviors typically thought to be conducive to social change.

clicktivism, moral outrage, online activism, social media
1948-5506
Leach, Stefan
6bdc5639-c135-46b8-bcf9-2dd00646ee9a
Formanowicz, Magdalena
1293a02d-e1fc-481b-9d9a-1fef3c73fdf8
Nikadon, Jan
75595b09-62ac-4005-a262-77ce6fd256e2
Cichocka, Aleksandra
e31a7593-7fdc-4490-b97f-73d53c8bc89b
Leach, Stefan
6bdc5639-c135-46b8-bcf9-2dd00646ee9a
Formanowicz, Magdalena
1293a02d-e1fc-481b-9d9a-1fef3c73fdf8
Nikadon, Jan
75595b09-62ac-4005-a262-77ce6fd256e2
Cichocka, Aleksandra
e31a7593-7fdc-4490-b97f-73d53c8bc89b

Leach, Stefan, Formanowicz, Magdalena, Nikadon, Jan and Cichocka, Aleksandra (2025) Moral outrage predicts the virality of petitions for change on social media, but not the number of signatures they receive. Social Psychological and Personality Science. (doi:10.1177/19485506251335373).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Social media is a powerful tool for activists to share their perspectives, but concerns persist that the viral spread of online moral outrage may undermine collective causes in some ways. Analyzing posts on X (n = 1,286,442) with URLs to petitions on www.change.org (n = 24,785), we found that expressions of outrage were uniquely associated with the number of times posts were liked and reposted (virality). Mediation analyses showed that outrage was indirectly related to the number of signatures petitions received (via virality). However, outrage was associated with fewer signatures when controlling for virality. In contrast, expressions of agency, group identity, and prosociality were associated with more signatures but no more virality. The findings outline the factors linked to engagement with online petitions and describe how social media can amplify content which has no direct link to the sorts of effortful behaviors typically thought to be conducive to social change.

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e-pub ahead of print date: 29 April 2025
Published date: 29 April 2025
Keywords: clicktivism, moral outrage, online activism, social media

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 505146
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/505146
ISSN: 1948-5506
PURE UUID: ca02e034-d593-4e38-9b50-64487bdc3ca1
ORCID for Stefan Leach: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-3519

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Date deposited: 30 Sep 2025 17:02
Last modified: 01 Oct 2025 02:19

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Contributors

Author: Stefan Leach ORCID iD
Author: Magdalena Formanowicz
Author: Jan Nikadon
Author: Aleksandra Cichocka

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