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The impact of comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus on hospital patients' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The impact of comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus on hospital patients' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The impact of comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus on hospital patients' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Previous reviews have demonstrated that dementia and diabetes mellitus, separately, can worsen the hospital outcomes of patients. Unfortunately, there are no systematic evaluations regarding the hospital outcomes of patients with dementia and diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity. Therefore, our review aimed to determine any differences in hospital length of stay, hospital mortality, and hospital readmission between patients with the comorbidity and patients without.

METHODS: Searches were conducted of Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar for original studies. All studies were quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Where possible, studies were pooled in a meta-analysis to generate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in this review. When comparing patients with the comorbidity to patients with dementia, the difference in length of stay was inconclusive, and there was no difference in the odds of hospital mortality (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.06). However, patients with the comorbidity had increased odds of 30-day readmission compared to patients with dementia alone (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.14-1.26). When comparing patients with the comorbidity to patients with diabetes, those with the comorbidity had a longer length of stay and but no difference in the odds of hospital mortality (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 0.84-2.62). Additionally, those with the comorbidity may have worse readmission outcomes than those with diabetes alone.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus may have worse hospital outcomes. Therefore, we recommend further research to assess these patients' hospital outcomes to resolve the discrepancies found.

Dementia, Diabetes, Hospital mortality, Hospitalised patients, Length of stay, Readmission
1869-6953
103-120
Gadsby-Davis, Kieran
d907a83e-97e8-4d8f-a1dd-93db8e1ab0cb
Garner, Nikki
21eeb19a-ec69-4a97-8957-26464fcf7d1d
Ergin, Busra Donat
a88d3177-5419-4f9c-adae-ba5770f3aef3
Dhatariya, Ketan
6afbb9d1-9754-47b4-96e7-83edea2e4f9d
Hornberger, Michael
a48c1c63-422a-4c11-9a51-c7be0aa3026d
Gadsby-Davis, Kieran
d907a83e-97e8-4d8f-a1dd-93db8e1ab0cb
Garner, Nikki
21eeb19a-ec69-4a97-8957-26464fcf7d1d
Ergin, Busra Donat
a88d3177-5419-4f9c-adae-ba5770f3aef3
Dhatariya, Ketan
6afbb9d1-9754-47b4-96e7-83edea2e4f9d
Hornberger, Michael
a48c1c63-422a-4c11-9a51-c7be0aa3026d

Gadsby-Davis, Kieran, Garner, Nikki, Ergin, Busra Donat, Dhatariya, Ketan and Hornberger, Michael (2024) The impact of comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus on hospital patients' outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Therapy, 16 (1), 103-120. (doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01672-w).

Record type: Article

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Previous reviews have demonstrated that dementia and diabetes mellitus, separately, can worsen the hospital outcomes of patients. Unfortunately, there are no systematic evaluations regarding the hospital outcomes of patients with dementia and diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity. Therefore, our review aimed to determine any differences in hospital length of stay, hospital mortality, and hospital readmission between patients with the comorbidity and patients without.

METHODS: Searches were conducted of Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar for original studies. All studies were quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Where possible, studies were pooled in a meta-analysis to generate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in this review. When comparing patients with the comorbidity to patients with dementia, the difference in length of stay was inconclusive, and there was no difference in the odds of hospital mortality (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.06). However, patients with the comorbidity had increased odds of 30-day readmission compared to patients with dementia alone (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.14-1.26). When comparing patients with the comorbidity to patients with diabetes, those with the comorbidity had a longer length of stay and but no difference in the odds of hospital mortality (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 0.84-2.62). Additionally, those with the comorbidity may have worse readmission outcomes than those with diabetes alone.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that patients with comorbid dementia and diabetes mellitus may have worse hospital outcomes. Therefore, we recommend further research to assess these patients' hospital outcomes to resolve the discrepancies found.

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Accepted/In Press date: 11 November 2024
Published date: 28 November 2024
Additional Information: © 2024. The Author(s).
Keywords: Dementia, Diabetes, Hospital mortality, Hospitalised patients, Length of stay, Readmission

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 505347
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/505347
ISSN: 1869-6953
PURE UUID: fc71cf85-73ac-4645-9e01-2eccbe4d1201
ORCID for Michael Hornberger: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-3788

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Date deposited: 07 Oct 2025 16:39
Last modified: 08 Oct 2025 02:17

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Contributors

Author: Kieran Gadsby-Davis
Author: Nikki Garner
Author: Busra Donat Ergin
Author: Ketan Dhatariya
Author: Michael Hornberger ORCID iD

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