Co-producing public health advice for people working on premises infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza
Co-producing public health advice for people working on premises infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza
Objectives
Uptake of protective measures to prevent bird-to-human transmission of avian influenza (AI) (correct use of personal protective equipment [PPE], taking antivirals if recommended) and to increase the timely detection of AI in humans (prompt reporting of symptoms after exposure) is imperfect. The aim of this project was to co-produce public health advice for AI with people who work on infected premises.
Study design
Co-production following the Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework for developing messaging and guidance.
Methods
We co-produced five factsheets in simple English (1. avian influenza, 2. PPE, 3. Tamiflu® (oseltamivir), 4a. Reporting symptoms and active follow-up, 4b. Reporting symptoms and passive follow-up), with accompanying infographics based on theory, previous literature, behavioural science principles, and stakeholder input. Seventeen people who worked on infected premises including two people who did not speak English gave feedback on sheets and shared their lived experience of working on infected premises.
Results
Co-producers generally preferred infographics to factsheets and suggested how sheets could be displayed on farms and disseminated within the poultry farming community. Suggested changes included that phrases should be shortened, amendments made to language and images to align with terms and items used on site, and that images in infographics were sometimes ambiguous if accompanying text was not understood. Co-producers also suggested creating videos to accompany the sheets.
Conclusions
The co-production process helped to develop good working relationships with people who work on infected premises and gave practical insight into their experiences.
antivirals, avian influenza, occupational exposure, patient and public involvement, personal protective equipment, reporting symptoms
Smith, Louise E.
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Martin, Alex F.
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Pae, Riinu
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Denford, Sarah
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Humphreys, Clare
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Weston, Dale
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Amlôt, Richard
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Oliver, Isabel
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Yardley, Lucy
64be42c4-511d-484d-abaa-f8813452a22e
Rubin, James
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8 October 2025
Smith, Louise E.
4cfb9721-9982-4c96-b170-db664248117b
Martin, Alex F.
f9ac361d-4d70-4e86-8aa6-c2002b7b4f0c
Pae, Riinu
5a4b643f-65d4-447d-8d50-06d132547c69
Denford, Sarah
8970b5a7-8cad-4356-ad0e-88297b67db37
Humphreys, Clare
3402fb76-329d-4dbc-8ec7-b3ff6ca2646b
Weston, Dale
3d934fc9-ea44-4435-95bb-2dccc6d0b555
Amlôt, Richard
d93f5263-ea24-4b12-b505-f51694220b8e
Oliver, Isabel
1598f598-b35d-42a4-9695-9b57c5ab15e9
Yardley, Lucy
64be42c4-511d-484d-abaa-f8813452a22e
Rubin, James
a1b1aed4-81d0-4a77-9731-988d6e242344
Smith, Louise E., Martin, Alex F., Pae, Riinu, Denford, Sarah, Humphreys, Clare, Weston, Dale, Amlôt, Richard, Oliver, Isabel, Yardley, Lucy and Rubin, James
(2025)
Co-producing public health advice for people working on premises infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Public Health, 248, [105976].
(doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105976).
Abstract
Objectives
Uptake of protective measures to prevent bird-to-human transmission of avian influenza (AI) (correct use of personal protective equipment [PPE], taking antivirals if recommended) and to increase the timely detection of AI in humans (prompt reporting of symptoms after exposure) is imperfect. The aim of this project was to co-produce public health advice for AI with people who work on infected premises.
Study design
Co-production following the Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework for developing messaging and guidance.
Methods
We co-produced five factsheets in simple English (1. avian influenza, 2. PPE, 3. Tamiflu® (oseltamivir), 4a. Reporting symptoms and active follow-up, 4b. Reporting symptoms and passive follow-up), with accompanying infographics based on theory, previous literature, behavioural science principles, and stakeholder input. Seventeen people who worked on infected premises including two people who did not speak English gave feedback on sheets and shared their lived experience of working on infected premises.
Results
Co-producers generally preferred infographics to factsheets and suggested how sheets could be displayed on farms and disseminated within the poultry farming community. Suggested changes included that phrases should be shortened, amendments made to language and images to align with terms and items used on site, and that images in infographics were sometimes ambiguous if accompanying text was not understood. Co-producers also suggested creating videos to accompany the sheets.
Conclusions
The co-production process helped to develop good working relationships with people who work on infected premises and gave practical insight into their experiences.
Text
1-s2.0-S0033350625004226-main
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More information
Submitted date: 17 September 2025
Published date: 8 October 2025
Additional Information:
Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors
Keywords:
antivirals, avian influenza, occupational exposure, patient and public involvement, personal protective equipment, reporting symptoms
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 505972
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/505972
ISSN: 0033-3506
PURE UUID: 5f0c883c-0a0b-478d-8b1b-12c971ae3354
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 24 Oct 2025 16:47
Last modified: 25 Oct 2025 01:37
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Contributors
Author:
Louise E. Smith
Author:
Alex F. Martin
Author:
Riinu Pae
Author:
Sarah Denford
Author:
Clare Humphreys
Author:
Dale Weston
Author:
Richard Amlôt
Author:
Isabel Oliver
Author:
James Rubin
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