Xu, Chao, Bedwell, Jack, Torah, Russel N., Wang, Stephen, Sugiura, Shinya, Maunder, Robert G., Yang, Lie-Liang, Harald, Haas and Hanzo, Lajos (2025) Two-tier frequency-domain equalization for ultra-wideband integrated sensing and communication. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. (doi:10.1109/TVT.2025.3619869).
Abstract
Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio has license-free access to a substantial bandwidth of over 500 MHz, which makes it a promising candidate for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), because the performance of both functionalities relies
on the availability of sufficient bandwidth. However, due to its regulated power constraint and spectral mask, UWB sensing performance is susceptible to blockage, while the UWB data rate remains low. To enhance both functionalities, we propose
a novel two-tier frequency-domain equalization (FDE) scheme for UWB ISAC, in which the first FDE removes the userspecific sequence from the received UWB header in support of sensing, while the second FDE equalizes the effect of channel impulse responses (CIRs) for data detection. The data-carrying amplitude/phase of UWB pulses, which are inherently repeated in the UWB header, naturally follow the circular convolution model without requiring a cyclic prefix (CP) for the proposed sensing
operations. Furthermore, the CIRs estimated by the first FDE stage of bistatic sensing can be directly utilized by the second FDE stage of data detection. Compared to the conventional matched filtering (MF) aided UWB sensing, the proposed FDE approach
improves the peak-to-sidelobe power ratio and facilitates multitarget sensing. Compared to conventional UWB MF templatebased data detection, the proposed approach is capable of improving synchronization, channel estimation and equalization. Furthermore, the proposed two-tier FDE approach inspires a new
pulse repetition tradeoff (PR-T) scheme, which reduces pulse repetition to achieve an improved data rate. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed UWB FDE sensing achieves centimeter-level accuracy even at a low Ricean K-factor of -4 dB.
Additionally, the proposed FDE data detection designed for PRT is capable of improving the UWB data rate from the single Megabits-per-second (Mbps) range to over 100 Mbps, at the cost of reduced pulse repetition gain.
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